SEMENALYSIS

• Prostatic Secretion = ACIDIC

  • Citric Acid

  • Zinc

  • Acid phosphatase

• Seminal Vesicles Secretion = ALKALINE

  • Fructose

ACIDIC or ALKALINE

• Prostatic Secretion =

• Seminal Vesicles Secretion =

• Decrease sperm count

• Increase ph (ALKALINE)

• Specimen WONT LIQUEFY

First Portion of Ejaculation Missing

least 2 days, not more than 7

Abstinence period

• Yellow Semen (↑Flavin)

• INCREASE volume

• DECREASE motility

Result of prolonged Abstinence

• Gray-white

• Translucent

• Must or Bleach Odor

APPEARANCE:

• Normal (w/ odor)

Infection _{^{[increase WBC]}}

APPEARANCE:

• White turbidity

Red or Brown

APPEARANCE:

• presence or RBC

• prolonged abstinence

• urine contamination

• medication

APPEARANCE:

• Yellow

Decreased Viscosity

Increased viscosity = motility

7.2 to 8.0

Normal pH

Infection of reproductive tract

Increase pH can indicate?

• Increased prostatic fluid

• Ejaculatory obstruction

• Poorly developed Seminal Vesicles

Decreased pH [Acidic] can indicate

Prostatic Enzyme Deficiency

What could be the cause of FAILURE TO LIQUEFY after 60 minutes

• Formalin

• Sodium Bicarbonate

• NSS

• Cold Water or Distilled Water

Diluting agents for Neubauer Counting Chamber

Markler Counting Chamber

• uses heat to immobalize sperm

Counting chamber used for UNDILUTED SPECIMEN

• _^Testes

  • Seminiferous tubules

  • _{^{Interstitial Cells of Leydig}}

  • _{^{Setoli / Nurse Cells}}

• _^Epididymis

• _{^{Ductus Deference}}

• _{^{Seminal Vesicles}}

• _{^{Prostate Gland}}

• _{^{Bulbourethral Glands}}

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM:

• Testes:

  • Site of Spermatogenesis

• _^Testes

  • _{^{Seminiferous tubules}}

  • Interstitial Cells of Leydig

  • _{^{Setoli / Nurse Cells}}

• _^Epididymis

• _{^{Ductus Deference}}

• _{^{Seminal Vesicles}}

• _{^{Prostate Gland}}

• _{^{Bulbourethral Glands}}

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM:

• Testes:

  • Produce TESTOSTERONE

• _^Testes

  • _{^{Seminiferous tubules}}

  • _{^{Interstitial Cells of Leydig}}

  • Setoli / Nurse Cells

• _^Epididymis

• _{^{Ductus Deference}}

• _{^{Seminal Vesicles}}

• _{^{Prostate Gland}}

• _{^{Bulbourethral Glands}}

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM:

• Testes:

  • provide support and nutrients during spermatogenesis

• _^Testes

  • _{^{Seminiferous tubules}}

  • _{^{Interstitial Cells of Leydig}}

  • _{^{Setoli / Nurse Cells}}

• Epididymis

• _{^{Ductus Deference}}

• _{^{Seminal Vesicles}}

• _{^{Prostate Gland}}

• _{^{Bulbourethral Glands}}

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM:

• Sperm maturation and storage

• Where flagellum develops

• _^Testes

  • _{^{Seminiferous tubules}}

  • _{^{Interstitial Cells of Leydig}}

  • _{^{Setoli / Nurse Cells}}

• _^Epididymis

• Ductus Deference

• _{^{Seminal Vesicles}}

• _{^{Prostate Gland}}

• _{^{Bulbourethral Glands}}

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM:

• Ejaculatory Duct

• _^Testes

  • _{^{Seminiferous tubules}}

  • _{^{Interstitial Cells of Leydig}}

  • _{^{Setoli / Nurse Cells}}

• _^Epididymis

• _{^{Ductus Deference}}

• Seminal Vesicles

• _{^{Prostate Gland}}

• _{^{Bulbourethral Glands}}

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM:

• Provide transport medium for sperm

• Fructose and Flavin

• _^Testes

  • _{^{Seminiferous tubules}}

  • _{^{Interstitial Cells of Leydig}}

  • _{^{Setoli / Nurse Cells}}

• _^Epididymis

• _{^{Ductus Deference}}

• _{^{Seminal Vesicles}}

• Prostate Gland

• _{^{Bulbourethral Glands}}

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM:

• Provides proteolytic enzyme for coagulation and liquefication

• produce milky acidic mucus _{^{[acid phosphatase, citric acid, zinc]}}

• _^Testes

  • _{^{Seminiferous tubules}}

  • _{^{Interstitial Cells of Leydig}}

  • _{^{Setoli / Nurse Cells}}

• _^Epididymis

• _{^{Ductus Deference}}

• _{^{Seminal Vesicles}}

• _{^{Prostate Gland}}

• Bulbourethral Glands

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM:

• provides thick alkaline mucus, neutralize prostate secretion and vagina

1. Room Temperature

2. Body Temperature

SPECIMEN PRESERVATION:

1. If needed for transport

2. While waiting for analysis

No Clinical Significance

Jelly-like Granules (Gelatinous Bodies) is present in the specimen after liquefication, what is the indication?

• Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline

• Proteolytic Enzyme

  • Alpha-Chymotrypsin

  • Bromelain

Specimen Failed to Liquefy after 60mins, what is added?

• Sperm Motlity

• Sperm Concentration

• Anti-Sperm Antibody detection

• Measurement of Biochemical markers

What is affected if VISCOSITY INCREASED?

• 3-5 minutes

• 10%

• Specimen loaded in Hemocytometer is settled for ___

• Counts should agree within _____

• Azoospermia

• Necrospermia

• Oligospermia

Complete Absence of Sperm

• Azoospermia

• Necrospermia

• Oligospermia

Non viable sperm

• Azoospermia

• Necrospermia

• Oligospermia

less than 10 million sperm/mL

minimum of 50% with a rating of 2.0 after 1 hour

SPERM MOTILITY:

• normal

4.0 - A

SPERM MOTILITY GRADING:

• Rapid

• Straign-Line

3.0 - B

SPERM MOTILITY GRADING:

• Slower speed

• Some Lateral

2.0 - B _^[minimum]

SPERM MOTILITY GRADING:

• Slow forward

• Noticeable lateral movement

1.0 - C

SPERM MOTILITY GRADING:

• No forward progression

0 - D

SPERM MOTILITY GRADING:

• No movement

• Progressive Motility (PM)

• _{^{Nonprogressive Motility (NP)}}

• _{^{Immotility (IM)}}

ALTERNATIVE GRADING for MOTILITY:

• Sperm moving linearly or in a large circle

• _{^{Progressive Motility (PM)}}

• Nonprogressive Motility (NP)

• _{^{Immotility (IM)}}

ALTERNATIVE GRADING for MOTILITY:

• Sperm moving with an absence of progression

• _{^{Progressive Motility (PM)}}

• _{^{Nonprogressive Motility (NP)}}

• Immotility (IM)

ALTERNATIVE GRADING for MOTILITY:

• No movement

20 HPO

Objectives in assessing SPERM MOTILITY

Room Temperature or Body Temperature

• Sperm motility can be evaluated at what temperature

• Motile = 24 hrs

• Nonmotile = 3 days

• Heads of dead = 7days

• Motile sperm can last up to _____

• Nonmotile sperm can persist up to ____

• Heads of dead sperm can last for _____

Prostatic Acid Phosphatase

What enzyme is to be detected to determine the presence of semen in specimen

Prostate Specimen Antigen _{^{[Glycoprotein 30]}}

This antigen is MORE SPECIFIC in detecting semen, EVEN IN ABSENCE OF SPERM

• Wrights Stain _{^{—routinely used}}

• Giemsa Stain

• Shorr

• Papanicolau Stain _{^{—carcinogenic}}

Stain for SPERM MORPHOLOGY:

Eosin-Negrosin

Stain for SPERM VIABILITY

• Living Sperm = bluish white

• Dead Sperm = red in purple BG

VIABILITY:

• Living Sperm

• Dead Sperm

• The percentage of dead sperm cells should NOT exceed the percentage of immotile sperm

TAKE NOTE: [Viability]

• The percentage of ________ should NOT exceed the percentage of ________

Defective Flagellum

SPERM MOTILITY:

• High number of vital sperm but immobile

Epididymal Pathology

SPERM MOTILITY:

• High number of immotile and nonviable [dead] sperm

within 2 hrs

Fructose level test should be perfomed within ____

Epididymis Disorder

Decreased amount of the ff. can indicate what?

• Neutral-alpha-glucosidase

• Glycophosphocholine

• L-carnitine

• Abnormality: Viability

• Test: Eosin-negrosin Stain

ANTISPERM ANTIBODIES:

[possible abnormality and test performed]

• Decreased motility w/ normal count

• Abnormality: Lack seminal vesicle medium

• Test: Fructose level

ANTISPERM ANTIBODIES:

[possible abnormality and test performed]

• Decreased count

• Abnormality: male antigen antibodies

• Test: MAR and Immunobead ; sperm agglutination with male serum

ANTISPERM ANTIBODIES:

[possible abnormality and test performed]

• Decreased motility with CLUMPING

• Abnormality: Female antigen antibody

• Test: Sperm agglutination with female serum

ANTISPERM ANTIBODIES:

[possible abnormality and test performed]

• Normal Analysis with continued infertility