SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES AND ETHICS

Indigenous Knowledge

Knowledge developed by local communities through long-term interaction with their environment and passed down through generations.

Pre-Colonial Period

The time before 1565 when indigenous Filipinos developed their own technologies and scientific practices.

Banaue Rice Terraces

An ancient engineering system built by the Ifugao for sustainable farming and irrigation in mountainous areas.

Traditional Medicine

The use of herbal remedies such as lagundi, sambong, and tawa-tawa to treat common illnesses.

Herbal Medicine

Natural treatments derived from plants used in traditional healing practices.

Balangay

An advanced wooden boat developed by early Filipinos for trade and transportation.

Indigenous Shipbuilding

Traditional boat-making techniques used by early Filipinos to create seaworthy vessels.

Spanish Colonial Period

The era when Spain colonized the Philippines and introduced Western systems and technologies.

Weapons and Tools

Metal implements such as the bolo and kampilan used for farming, defense, and survival.

Metalworking Techniques

Methods used to forge tools and weapons from metal.

Mapping and Cartography

The science and practice of creating maps to represent geographical areas accurately.

Cartography

The systematic process of map-making to improve navigation and geographic understanding.

Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Islas Filipinas

A significant Spanish-era map used to understand the Philippines’ geography.

American Colonial Period

The period when the United States governed the Philippines and introduced modern scientific practices.

Food Preservation

Techniques used to extend the shelf life of food and prevent spoilage.

Drying (Tuyo)

A traditional food preservation method that removes moisture to prevent spoilage.

Salting (Daing)

A method of preserving food using salt to inhibit bacterial growth.

Fermentation (Bagoong)

A preservation process that uses microorganisms to enhance flavor and shelf life.

Refrigeration

A modern method of food preservation that slows bacterial growth by lowering temperature.

Canning

A technique of sealing food in containers to extend shelf life.

Aquaculture

The farming of fish and other aquatic organisms for food production.

Bangus (Milkfish)

A commonly farmed fish species in Philippine aquaculture.

Tilapia

A freshwater fish widely cultivated in Philippine aquaculture.

Post-Independence Period

The era after 1946 when the Philippines focused on developing its own scientific institutions and innovations.

Scientific Institutions

Organizations established to support research, development, and scientific advancement.

Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI)

A government agency that promotes nuclear research and applications in the Philippines.

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

An agency that monitors volcanoes, earthquakes, and other geological hazards.

National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST)

An organization that recognizes and supports scientific excellence in the Philippines.

Sustainable Alternative Lighting (SALt)

An eco-friendly lighting technology that generates electricity using saltwater.

SALt Lamp

A renewable lighting device designed for remote areas with limited access to electricity.

Maria Orosa

A Filipino food technologist and chemist known for innovations in food preservation, including banana ketchup.

Banana Ketchup

A food product developed during World War II as an alternative to tomato ketchup.

Abelardo Aguilar

A Filipino medical researcher who contributed to the development of erythromycin.

Erythromycin

An antibiotic used as an alternative to penicillin, especially for allergic patients.

Gregorio Zara

A Filipino engineer and inventor known as the Father of Videoconferencing.

Videophone

The first two-way video telephone invented by Gregorio Zara in 1955.

Lourdes Cruz

A Filipino biochemist known for research on toxic compounds from marine snails.

Conotoxins

Toxic substances from Conus snails used in medical and neurological research.

Raul Destura

A Filipino molecular biologist involved in developing rapid disease detection tools.

Biotek-M Dengue Detection Kit

A rapid diagnostic test used to detect dengue virus infection.

Ethics

Moral principles that guide responsible behavior in science and technology.

Ethics in Science and Technology

Guidelines that ensure scientific advancements benefit society while minimizing harm.

Honesty and Integrity in Research

The practice of accurate data collection, transparency, and proper acknowledgment of sources.

Research Integrity

Adherence to ethical standards in conducting and reporting research.

Respect for People

The ethical principle of obtaining informed consent and protecting privacy.

Informed Consent

The process of fully informing participants before involving them in research.

Social Responsibility

The obligation to develop technologies that improve lives and avoid harm.

Sustainability

The practice of meeting present needs without compromising future generations.

Environmental Care

Protecting natural resources and minimizing environmental harm through responsible innovation.

Accountability

Taking responsibility for the consequences of scientific and technological actions.

Fair Access

Ensuring that scientific and technological benefits are available to all members of society.