SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES AND ETHICS

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES AND ETHICS

Big Picture muna

This module shows na hindi lang foreign countries ang may ambag sa science and technology.
Mayaman ang Pilipinas sa:

• Indigenous knowledge

• Local innovations

• World-class Filipino scientists

• Ethical responsibility sa paggamit ng science & tech

👉 In short: May sariling science identity ang Pilipinas.

🌾 INDIGENOUS AND MODERN SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Why Indigenous Knowledge Matters

This part is important kasi hindi lahat ng science galing sa laboratories.
Yung kaalaman ng mga ninuno natin ay:

• Based on experience

• Tested over generations

• Sustainable and environment-friendly

🏺 Pre-Colonial Period (Before 1565)

Key Contributions

Banaue Rice Terraces

• Engineered by the Ifugao

• Designed for sustainable farming and irrigation

• Perfect example of early engineering + environmental science

🧠 Real-life connection:
Hanggang ngayon, ginagamit pa rin siya → proof na effective ang design.

Traditional Medicine

• Use of herbal plants like lagundi, sambong, at tawa-tawa

• Knowledge passed orally by folk healers

💬 Real talk:
Maraming modern medicines today ay galing sa plant studies.

Balangay

• Advanced wooden boats used for trade and transport

• Showed indigenous shipbuilding skills

🧠 Meaning:
May maritime technology na tayo even before colonization.

📝 Quick Summary (Mnemonic)

R-T-B

• Rice Terraces

• Traditional Medicine

• Balangay

⚔ Spanish Colonial Period (1565–1898)

Key Contributions

Weapons and Tools (Bolo & Kampilan)

• Used for farming and defense

• Showcased metalworking skills

👉 Hindi lang pang-war, pang-survival din.

Mapping and Cartography

• Spaniards introduced systematic mapping

• Helped in navigation, trade, and town planning

• Important maps like Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Islas Filipinas

🧠 Why this matters:
Accurate maps = better governance + infrastructure.

📝 Quick Summary

Spanish period = Structure & Documentation

🇺🇸 American Colonial Period (1898–1946)

Key Contributions

Food Preservation

• Traditional methods: tuyo, daing, bagoong

• Americans introduced refrigeration and canning

👉 Result: mas tumagal ang pagkain, mas safe kainin.

Aquaculture

• Traditional fishing methods continued

• Cultivation of bangus and tilapia

• Sustainable practices using local ecological knowledge

🧠 Real-life example:
Bangus capital ng Pilipinas? Science + tradition combo.

📝 Quick Summary

American period = Improved Techniques + Sustainability

🇵🇭 POST-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD (1946–Present)

Establishment of Scientific Institutions

💬 Why important?
Ito yung backbone ng science research sa bansa.

Sustainable Alternative Lighting (SALt Lamp)

• Invented by Engr. Aisa Mijeno (2014)

• Uses saltwater to generate electricity

• Designed for off-grid and remote areas

🧠 Big idea:
Science should solve real social problems, not just look cool.

👩‍🔬 NOTABLE FILIPINO SCIENTISTS

Maria Orosa

• Food technologist & chemist

• Invented banana ketchup during WWII

• Focus: food preservation

👉 Science for survival.

Abelardo Aguilar

• Medical researcher

• Contributed to erythromycin, an antibiotic

• Alternative for penicillin-allergic patients

👉 Science saving lives.

Gregorio Zara

• Engineer, physicist, inventor

• Invented the first videophone (1955)

• Known as the Father of Videoconferencing

🧠 Zoom before Zoom existed 😌

Lourdes Cruz

• Biochemist

• Studied conotoxins from marine snails

• Used for pain management & epilepsy research

👉 Biodiversity + medicine.

Raul Destura

• Molecular biologist

• Developed Biotek-M Dengue Detection Kit

• Rapid dengue testing

👉 Science responding to national health needs.

📝 Scientist Mnemonic

O-A-Z-C-D

• Orosa

• Aguilar

• Zara

• Cruz

• Destura

⚖ ETHICS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Why Ethics Matter

Science without ethics = dangerous.
Ethics ensures:

• Safety

• Fairness

• Human dignity

• Environmental protection

Ethical Principles Explained

Honesty and Integrity

• No data manipulation

• Proper citation

• Transparent research

Respect for People

• Informed consent

• Privacy protection

👉 Especially important in human experiments.

Social Responsibility

• Technology should improve lives

• Avoid harming vulnerable groups

Sustainability and Environmental Care

• Think long-term impact

• Protect nature

Accountability and Fair Access

• Take responsibility for consequences

• Ensure tech is accessible to all

📝 Ethics Mnemonic

H-R-S-S-A

• Honesty

• Respect

• Social responsibility

• Sustainability

• Accountability

🧠 FINAL RECAP & MEMORY TRICKS

One-Sentence Summary

Timeline Flow

Pre-Colonial → Spanish → American → Post-Independence

Exam Tip

If asked “Why is this important?”, always answer with:
👉 Impact on society, sustainability, and ethics