Computer Network Components, Models, and Emerging Technologies

Clients

are computers that access and use the network and shared network resources. They are the users of the network, requesting and receiving services from servers.

hub

is a network device that splits a network connection into multiple computers.

local operating system (OS)

(OS), such as Unix, Linux, Windows 2000, Windows 98, and Windows XP, allows personal computers to access files, print to a local printer, and use one or more disk and CD drives located on the computer.

network interface card (NIC)

is a special expansion card that handles MAC addresses. It prepares and sends data, receives data, and controls data flow between the computer and the network.

network operating system (NOS)

(NOS), like Windows Server, is a program that allows computers to communicate over the network

router

is a device used to connect a Local Area Network (LAN) with an internet connection. they are used when you have two distinct networks or want to share a single internet connection with multiple computers

Servers

are computers that hold shared files, programs, and the network operating system. They provide access to network resources to all network users

switch

is a telecommunication device that uses physical device addresses in each incoming message to deliver the message to the correct destination or port

Shared data

is a telecommunication device that uses physical device addresses in each incoming message to deliver the message to the correct destination or port

Shared printers and peripherals

are hardware resources provided to network users by servers. These resources can include printers, software, or other items used by clients on the network

Transmission media

are the facilities used to interconnect computers in a network, such as twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, and optical fiber cable

TCP/IP model

is the default method of data communication on the Internet. It defines how devices should transmit data between them and enables communication over networks and large distances.

OSI model

is a logical and conceptual model that defines network communication for systems open to interconnection

Application Layer of the TCP/IP model

of the TCP/IP model handles upper-level functions, including data generation, translations, conversions, compression, and encryption

Internet layer

layer in the TCP/IP model functions mainly about IP addressing and routing

Link Layer

layer in the TCP/IP model has main functions like frame making, MAC addressing, frame switching, and physical cabling

Transport Layer

Layer in the TCP/IP model has main functions that include data segmentation, flow control, and error checking

Internet Protocol

is the method for sending data from one device to another across the internet

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

is designed to send packets across the internet and ensure the successful delivery of data and messages over networks. It's a communications standard that enables application programs and computing devices to exchange messages over a network

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE

Every device has an IP address that uniquely identifies it and enables it to communicate and exchange data with other devices connected to the internet.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE

Organizes data so that it can be transmitted between a server and a client.

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

TCP and IP are not separate protocols that work together to ensure data is delivered to its intended destination within a network"

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

TCP obtains and defines the address—the IP address—of the application or device the data must be sent to

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

IP is then responsible for transporting and routing data through the network architecture and ensuring it gets delivered to the destination application or device that IP has defined

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

TCP is responsible for defining how applications and devices exchange packets of data with each other

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

The link layer of the TCP/IP model combines both network layer and physical layer of the OSI model

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

The application layer of the TCP/IP model is equivalent to the combination of the top three-layer APPLICATION, PRESENTATION & TRANSPORT of the OSI model

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

The OSI model has 4 important layers

OSI model

has 7 layers and helps standardize hardware like routers, switches, and motherboards.

TCP/IP model

has 4 layers. It helps determine how a specific computer should be connected to the internet and how data can be transmitted between them. This model also helps establish a connection between different types of computers.

5G and 6G technology

are faster mobile networks that allow for quicker downloads, smoother video calls, and better performance for smart devices.

Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 7

are new versions of Wi-Fi that provide faster and more stable internet, especially in crowded places like schools or malls.

Cloud networking

Uses the internet to manage, store, and access network resources instead of relying on local servers.

Software-defined networking

A smarter way to control networks using software, making them easier to manage and more flexible.

Network automation

Allows networks to automatically fix and adjust themselves using scripts or AI, saving time and effort.

AI on networking

Helps detect problems, improve security, and manage network traffic more efficiently.

Cybersecurity enhancement

Involves adding stronger protection to networks to prevent hackers, viruses, and data theft.

Edge computing

Brings data processing closer to where it's needed instead of relying solely on faraway data centers.

Green networking

Uses energy-efficient hardware and smart designs to reduce power consumption and help the environment.

Network administrator

Manages and maintains computer networks in offices, schools, or companies.

Network engineer

Designs and builds networks to ensure everything connects and works smoothly.

Network technician

Installs, repairs, and troubleshoots network hardware like cables, routers, and switches.

System administrator

Takes care of servers and network systems, ensuring they run properly every day.

Cybersecurity specialist

Protects networks from hackers, viruses, and other threats.

Cloud network specialist

Works with cloud platforms like AWS or Azure to manage online networks and services.