APUSH UNIT 7: PART I

Progressivism

Philosophy advocating for change/reform through GOVERNMENT ACTION

16th amendment

income tax

17th amendment

direct election of senators

18th amendment

prohibition (ban on alcohol)

19th amendment

women’s suffrage (women can vote)

strike

primary weapon used by workers and labor unions against harsh working conditions

lockout

business owner locks their employees out

yellow dog contract

a worker promises to never join a union

blacklist

no-one will hire you

Sherman antitrust act

an attempt to limit trusts that interfered with free trade, later combined with Interstate Commerce Act

National Labor Union

exclusive labor union that experienced may economic recessions for being so

Knights of Labor

more inclusive labor union, achieved the 8 hour workday

Theodore Roosevelt

American politician, statesman, conservationist, naturalist, and writer who served as the 26th president of the United States

Pure Food/Drug Act

provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products

Muckrakers

nickname given by TR to journalists/photographers exposing poor working conditions (ex. Jacob Riis)

Meat Inspection Act

pushed by author Upton Sinclair

Hepburn Act

passed by TR, regulation of railroad rates and pure foods/drugs, saw it as fair + negotiated a settlement to the great Coal Strike of 1902

Hetch Hetchy Controversy

a dam was built by TR in hetch hetchy valley, destroying wildlife and nature by TR. This was a great controversy of his career

Imperialism

“New Manifest Destiny”; policy of extending a country’s power through diplomacy and military strategies

Open Door Policy

protected China’s territorial integrity + open trade (but China was not consulted about this)

Alfred T. Mahan: The influence of Sea Power upon History

a writing to build up the American navy, by 1900 U.S. was the 3rd largest in the world

Hawaii

Originally used as a trade port in between US-China, eventually U.S. staged a rebellion and had it annexed

Spanish-American War

War that ended with U.S. annexing what was left of Spain’s new world empire

Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines

countries annexed by the U.S. following the Spanish-American War

William Mckinley

took presidency 1897 and protested Spanish actions towards cubans

yellow journalism

style of newspaper reporting that emphasized sensationalism over facts

Insular Cases

Supreme Court Case (1901) dealing with island/countries recently annexed (denied citizenship to Puerto ricans+filipinos)

Panama Canal

U.S supports Panama in revolution against Columbia for independence in exchange for this

Big Stick Diplomacy

TR idea, U.S. has a right to intervene in the world

Roosevelt Corollary

addition to Monroe Doctrine, big stick diplomacy

Dollar Diplomacy

TR idea, relied on American Business investing internationally

Jacob Riis

wrote how the other half lives, he is a muckracker

bull moose party

progressive party

US Battleship maine

boat that blows up in havana harbor

Anti imperialist league

league of americans opposed to imperialistic practices

Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Triple Entente

Great Britain, France, Russia

Constriction

military draft

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

assassinated by serbian terrorist group, ignites WW1

western front

Germany vs US, UK, France

eastern front

Germany, Austria-Hungary vs Russia

Schlieffen Plan

plan designed by Germany to quickly defeat France on the western front

trench warfare

type of combat strategy used during WW1 where opposing armies would dig elaborate systems of trenches to protect themselves from enemy fire, conditions were harsh, with soldiers facing constant danger, disease, and psychological stress

war of attrition

war strategy where the goal is to wear out the opposing side

Lusitania

British passenger liner Germany destroyed killing 128 americans

Zimmerman telegraph

message from Germany to Mexico claiming Germany will help Mexico regain lost territories if they fight the U.S. in the war. This message is intercepted by the British and they release it to the public.

unrestricted submarine warfare

immediate cause of U.S. involvement in WW1

Committee on Public Information

job was to sell the war to America and spread propaganda

war bond

Americans would pay the government to fund the war and receive interest back

Espionage Act, Sedition Act

made it illegal to criticize the government during the war

the Great Migration

a wave of black people moving north searching for industrial jobs

Armistice

signed by the German government to stop fighting on Nov, 11, 1918

League of Nations

Wilson sacrificed many of his “14 points” to get this, he hoped it would end world wars for ever although the U.S. never joined.

Treaty of Versailles

treaty signed to end the war

isolationism

ideology on the rise in the U.S. following WW1, act of separating from foreign people and cultures

Sacco and Vanzetti

court case in Massachusetts in which to individuals were found guilty primarily for the case of them being italian

Red Scare

fear of the Soviet Union/communism

Emergency Quota Act

act that allowed only 3% of every nationality that immigrated from the year before

National Origins Act

act that allowed only 2% of every nationality that immigrated from the year before, slowly ended an era of unrestricted immigration to the U.S.