APUSH Unit 3 Test

French Indian War cause

Conflict over Ohio river valley between British and French

Albany Congress

GB’s board of trade called leaders from all the colonies to meet in Albany to discuss Native American threats & ask Iroquois for alliance

Why was Benjamin Franklin’s idea significant?

BF proposed a plan for colonials home rule that dealt with defense and Native American affairs

• Was adopted by delegates at Albany

• Individual colonies & GB rejected it

Treaty of Paris significance

• France lost all North American territory

• GB became dominant naval power in the world

• GB had power over North America

Why was salutary neglect beneficial to colonists

Allowed colonies to develop their own governance & learn how to run country independently

Mercantilism

The government controlling the economy to benefit mother country

List 1 positive impact & 1 negative impact of mercantilism

P: guaranteed economic market for colonies

N: limited economic growth by only allowing colonies to market to Britain

Stamp act & its significance

A tax on paper, etc to raise $$ for British military support; brought together representatives from colonies & set a precedent for future resentment towards British

Townshend acts; significance

Tax on glass, tea, paper. Was a punishment for stamp act uprising but was repealed after Boston massacre; parliament left a small tax on tea to demonstrate power

Tea Act; significance

Tax on tea, GB granted East India Company a monopoly on American tea trade; was the colonists’ last straw and led to Boston Tea Party

How did BTP → intolerable acts?

GB wanted to punish the colonies for BTP and re-establish authority

First Continental congress

Happened in response to intolerable acts to petition for grievances; everyone agreed to end all trade with GB

2nd Continental Congress

All 13 colonies were present, delegates weren’t ready for independence but just wanted grievances heard by GB

Most important act of 2nd Continental Congress

Decision for George Washington to lead continental army

Significance of Thomas Paine’s common sense in shift to independence

Was main factor in shift to independence. Main idea: GB was “parent” to US and shouldn’t treat their “kid” like that

Who was Declaration of Independence addressed to?

Not any one country; was the US announcing its independence, also influenced by enlightenment

Loyalists

20% of colonists, fought for return ti GB rule, conservative/educated/wealthy, mostly older generation & supporters of king

Patriots

Most popular, better at garnering support, saw loyalists as traitors, wanted independence from GB

Why did the French join the American side in the revolutionary war?

Revenge against GB

Franco-American Alliance

France wanted revenge on GB and promised to acknowledge America’s independence; helped in battle of Saratoga and key asset was Marquis de Lafayette

Battle of Yorktown; significance

• Last major battle of war, French admiral de Grasse blockaded Chesapeake Bay so British ships couldn’t enter

• Washington led 300-mile March to Chesapeake bay from NY & attacked British

Paris peace treaty (1783)

GB formally recognizes US independence, granted US boundaries stretching from Mississippi River in the west, Great Lakes in the north, & to Spanish Florida in the south, also promised that they wouldn’t take US slaves

How did role of women change during the revolutionary war?

During the war women became more active by managing businesses/farms while men fought & worked as cooks/nurses in the army

How did role of women change after the revolutionary war?

Women went back to previous roles but were more inspired to advocate for their rights. Republican motherhood was that women had to teach their kids how to be good American citizens

What did American revolution change in society

80,000 loyalists left America, increased number of anti-slavery societies in the north

What foreign policy changes did US face post revolutionary war?

• Britain refused to repeal Navigation Acts

• Land challenges from Spain

• France demanded repayment for $$ loaned in war

• North African pirates ravaged America’s Mediterranean commerce & took American merchant sailors

When were articles of confederation adopted then ratified?

Adopted in 1777 & ratified in 1871; gave individual states more power which made federal government very weak - couldn’t regulate commerce or enforce taxes

2 positive things that came from articles of confederation

• Land ordinance of 1875 - sold land in old northwest to help pay off debt

• Northwest ordinance of 1787 - old northwest territory could become a state when it has 60k+ inhabitants

Shay’s rebellion; significance

Most important rebellion in US history, poor farmers were losing farms from mortgage foreclosures, etc, so Daniel Shay organized them to march on cities & throw debtors into prison. Showed weaknesses in articles of confederation as US federal government didn’t even have enough power to stop a small rebellion

Why did the constitutional convention take place?

To negotiate on disputes and make a new constitution that checked and balanced government power

Large State Plan

Virginia plan; written by James Madison & advocates for 2 house representation in bicameral Congress based off of population

Small state plan

New Jersey plan; argued for equal representation in a unicameral congress by states not population so larger states couldn’t dominate

Great Compromise

Smaller states conceded to representation by population in the House of Representatives but larger states conceded to equal representation in senate. Larger states benefitted most

Elastic clause

Lets Congress create laws that aren’t necessarily in constitution

Supremacy clause

Constitution was the law of the land

Federalists

• Pro constitution

• Sharing of power between federal government & states

• Loose interpretation of constitution

• Pro-British in foreign policy

Anti Federalists

• Anti-constitution

• Power to the states

• Afraid of becoming a monarchy

• Pro-French in foreign policy

• Strictly interpreted constitution

How were anti-federalists convinced to ratify constitution?

Bill of Rights, also known as 10 amendments

Hamilton vs Jefferson on National Bank

Hamilton wanted central bank, Jefferson feared this gave the federal government too much power

Federalists

Hamilton, believed in strong central government, distrusted common people, upper class

Jeffersonians/Democratic republicans

Advocated for rule of the people, middle/lower class, state rights, must pay off national debt asap

Were jeffersonians for or against helping in the French Revolution

For; saw as a second chapter of American revolution & felt obliged bc of Franco-American alliance of 1778

Why did Washington enact the neutrality proclamation?

US military was weak & too fragile to join another fight

Jay treaty

• Temporarily aided US conflict

• Britain was harassing American settlers & US ships

• Jeffersonians argue that US impose an embargo but that was rejected

What did George Washington warn about in his farewell address?

Division between 2 political parties, thought it would separate the nation. Also isolationist policy & staying out of conflicts.

Alien & Sedition acts

A series of oppressive laws passed by federalists in 1798 to reduce influence of Jeffersonians & silence anti-war opposition

What were the Virginia & Kentucky resolutions in response to?

Democratic Republicans thought Alien & Sedition acts were unconstitutional so they secretly made a series of resolutions that said states could nullify laws deemed unconstitutional

Why was revolution of 1800 important?

Federalists split on whether US should go to war with France, Hamilton & “High Feds” split from John Adams because he refused to fight against France, Jefferson defeats Adams. This peaceful change of power was revolutionary