Ap Gov Court Cases

Miranda V. Arizona

Miranda warning must be given before questioning

5th via 14th due process

Barron V. Baltimore

The Bill of Rights restrained only the national government, not the states and cities

5th (emitnate domain)

Reynolds V. US

1st amendment did not protect religious practices that violated the law (in this case polygamy).

1st free exercise

Schenck V. US

Freedom of speech can be limited when speech affects national security; clear and present danger (fire in a theater)

1st

Tinker V. Des Moines

Students have the right to protest (wore armbands to protest Vietnam War)

1st

Mapp V. Ohio

Evidence obtained without a warrant cannot be used against you in court; established the exclusionary rule

4th via the 14th

Brown V. Board

You can’t segregate public schools. Overturned Plessy case

14th via Equal Protection

Plessy V. Ferguson

Established the “Separate but Equal” doctrine that allowed for accommodations to be racially segregated as long as they didn’t violate the Equal Protection Clause

14th via Equal Protection

New York Times V. US

Pentagon papers were printed; this was ruled okay. Classified docs can be printed in paper

1st

Gideon V. Wainwright

State courts are required to provide counsel in criminal cases to represent defendants who are unable to afford to pay their own attorneys

6th via the 14th

Marbury V. Madison

First case to use judicial review (established it)

Article 3

McCulloch V. Maryland

Strengthened federal authority; States are unable to tax federal institutions

Elastic clause; necessary and proper clause

Shaw V. Reno

No racial gerrymandering; race can’t play a huge factor in district lines

14th via equal protection

U.S. V. Lopez

The Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress’ authority to regulate interstate commerce (state’s rights victory)

10th

Obergefell V. Hodges

Right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples in all states

14th equal protection

Wisconsin V. Yoder

Amish don’t have to send their kids to school after 8th grade (led to homeschool movements)

1st

Baker V. Carr

“one man on vote” (districts need to be equal in population size)

14th equal protection

Texas V. Johnson

Burning the flag is protected under the 1st Amendment as a form of free speech

1st symbolic speech

U.S. V. Nixon

President cannot use executive privilege to withhold information to cover up a crime; no person is above the law

Article 2

Engel V. Vitale

prohibited state-sponsored prayer in public schools

1st establishment

Citizens United V. FEC

The government cannot place limits on independent spending for political purposes that are given by corporations and union (Led to SuperPACs)

1st

Roe V. Wade

Established national abortion guidelines; Trimester guidelines

9th via privacy

McDonald V. Chicago

States/local gov can’t band guns outright

2nd via the 14th

Dobbs V. Jackson

States can ban abortion

9th right to privacy & 14th due process clause

Students for Fair Admission V. Harvard

Affirmative action for colleges is unconstitutional

Equal Protection

Gitlow V. New York

Applied the 1st Amendment to the states with the use of the incorporation; CREATED SELECTIVE INCORPORATION

1st via the 14th