Unit 3 - Post Classical Era

WHAP Unit 3 - Post Classical Era (40 Terms)

Post-Classical Era

600 CE-1450 CE when the regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe became more interconnected and interdependent due to trade.

Byzantine Empire

Eastern half of the Roman Empire that survived the fall of the Western half.

Manorialism/Manor System

Self-sufficient economic system in Western Europe in which a large house was the center of the Estate.

Feudalism

Political system in which land and protection is exchanged for food and services.

Social Hierarchy

The division of society by rank or class

Serf

A person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

Chivalry

Code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages

Catholic Church

• central to Medieval Europeans' lives
• united Western Europe during Middle Ages

Pope

Head of the Roman Catholic Church

Constantinople

Capital of the Byzantine Empire. Located on a key trade route, the Bosporus Strait

Justinian's Code

Law code of the Byzantine Empire; adapted from the Roman Twelve Tables

Civil Service Exams

Confucian exam to acquire a position in the Chinese bureaucracy

Islam

Monotheistic Religion which stresses submission to Allah. Practiced mostly in the Middle East, Northern Africa, and Southeast Asia

Five Pillars of Faith

the essential duties of Muslims must fulfill; faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage

Qu'ran (Koran)

Muslim Holy Book

Mohammed

Prophet of Islam

Hajj

Pilgrimage to Mecca

Caliph

A supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government

Sunni

one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam; most Muslims practice this version of Islam

Shia

one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam; minority of Muslims practice this version of Islam

Abbasid Caliphate

750-1258 CE; considered the Islamic Golden Age

Trans-Saharan Trade Routes

gold-salt trade; linked North and West Africa; across Sahara Desert; spread Islam; land trade

West African Trading Empires

Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhai which grew wealthy and powerful due to their control of the gold and salt trade

Timbuktu

Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning

Muslim

A follower of Islam

Roman Catholicism

the beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church based in Rome. The western half of the Christian church.

Eastern Orthodox

Eastern branch of Christianity centered in Constantinople

Byzantines

Introduced domed architecture to the Russians

Battle of Tours

European armies defeat Muslim armies and stop the spread of Islam in Europe

Theodora

Justinian's wife; helped him run the empire

Nika Rebellion

in 532, the Blues and the Greens were angry with the government so they rioted in the hippodrome, but Belisarius and his men broke in and slaughtered 30,000 rebels

Gothic Architecture

Characterized by pointed arches, high ceilings, flying buttresses, and large stained-glass windows

Roman Architecture

copied Greeks, arch, barrel vault, groin vault, basilica, pilasters, podium

Hagia Sophia

Most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world.

Muslim artists were forbidden to depict what in their religious art?

Humans

Muslim innovations

Algebra, geometry, trigonometry
Scientific classification
Astronomy
Astrolabe= map-making
Medicine, surgery, hospitals

Chinese Innovations

Gunpowder, navigational and ship building technologies, printing (both woodblock and movable) generated world's first books, commercialized society, use of paper money and letters of credit and promissory notes, compasses, and abacus.

Mayan Innovations

Calendar
Hieroglyphics
Pyramids
ball game
Astronomy
Math (concept of zero)
Cacao
Farming innovations

How was history passed down in early Africa?

oral history

Islam impact on Africa

Establishment of mosques, the art of writing, increase in slave trade