Muscular System and Muscles

list different muscle tissues

striated

non-striated

list types of striated muscle

cardiac muscle (only the heart)

skeletal muscle (bicep)

explain non striated muscle

aka smooth muscle

• involuntary '

• found in walls of blood vessels, pupil, digestive, urinary organs

• cells are tapered and have single nuclei

describe cardiac muscle

• only found in heart

• involuntary and continuous

• fibres are bifurcated with discs inbetween them

  • fibres have single nuclei

describe skeletal muscle

• facilitates movement when it contracts'

• voluntary

• fibres have multiple nuclei, parallel and cylinidrical

explain the reasons for why muscles are named the way they are

1. shape, e.g deltoid - delta

2. the way the fibres run, e.g rectus, oblique

3. the location in the body, e.g latissimus dorsi

4. how many origins the muscle has, e.g triceps & quadriceps

5. the muscles relative position, e.g external obliques

6. size/length of the muscle, e.g gluteus maximus

7. named after its action, e.g adductor brevis

list 3 different muscle actions

1. concentric'

2. isometric

3. eccentric

explain concentric

actin and myosin work to shorten the sarcomeres, shortening the length of the muscle

explain isocentric

iso = same/equal

metric = length

there is no visible change in length

explain eccentric

muscle is contracting as it lengthens, usually against gravity

what main action are biceps brachii responsible for

elbow and shoulder flexion

what main action are deltoids responsible for

shoulder flexion, shoulder abduction, shoulder extension

what main actions are rectus femoris responsible for

knee extension and hip flexion

what muscle action are triceps brachii responsible for

elbow extension and shoulder extension

what muscle action are latissimus dorsi responsible for?

shoulder adductionwh

what muscle action are trapezius responsible for

shoulder girdle elevation and depression

what muscle action are gluteus maximus responsible for

hip extension

what muscle action are gastrocnemius responsible for

knee flexion and ankle plantar flexion

list and explain 4 functions of muscles

1. allow movement = muscles pull on bones to produce body movement

2. maintain our posture = act and contract against gravity to stop collapsing

3. stabilise joints = tendons join muscle to bone to add stability to joints

4. produce heat = when muscles contract heat is produced which help keep body warm against low external temperature