Chem Study Guide

Ideal Gas Law

PV = nRT

Value of “R” in PV=nRT

0.0821

Avogadro’s law

V1/N1=V2/N2

____atm = ____ torr or mmhg

1 atm = 760 torr/mmhg

Boyles Law

P1 x V1 = P2 x V2

Charles Law

V1/T1=V2/T2

Combined Gas Las

(P1 x V1)/T1 = (P2 x V2)/T2

___ celsius = ___ Kelvin

“x” celsius = “x” + 273 kelvin

Troposphere

3/4 of mass of atmosphere are found in this layer

Most weather occurs in this layer

Temperature generally decreases with height due to moving away from the

ground heat

Stratosphere

2nd layer of the atmosphere from the ground

Temperature constant or increasing with height

Ozone layer is found here and it absorbs energy carried in UV

Mesosphere

3rd layer of the atmosphere from the ground

Temperature generally decreases with height due to getting away from ozone heating

Meteors usually get burned in this layer

absolute zero

the lowest temperature at which the motion of particles are minimal. This is 0K or -273°C

Thermosphere

4th layer of the atmosphere from the ground

Temperature generally increases with height due to the absorption of shortest wavelength UV light

Aurora is found in this layer

diffusion

Mixing of different gases

Effusion

A gas escaping through a small opening into an empty container

Elastic collision

No energy is lost from collision. Object bounces off

Inelastic collision

Object loses kinetic energy after collision. Slows down or stops after collision

Components of atmosphere

Nitrogen gas (78.08%)

•Oxygen gas (20.95%)

•Argon gas (0.93%)

•Carbon dioxide gas (0.033%)

Rest made up of small amounts of methane, ammonium, helium, neon, krypton

STP

Standard temperature and pressure

• 0 degree celsius

• 1 atm

• 22.4 L

Kinetic molecular theory

1. Size of gas particles so small that the size of it can be considered negligible(zero)

2. Particles do not repel/attract one another

3. Particles in constant random motion, colliding with walls of container. These collisions result in pressure

4. Molecules bounce elastically off container, not losing kinetic energy

5. average kinetic energy is proportional to kelvin temp