LT 1.2 C, P, H2O, N Cycles

Anthropogenic

derived from human activities

Combustion of fossil fuels (Carbon cycle)

carbon is released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned

cellular respiration (Carbon cycle)

Living things release CO2 into atmosphere

Photosynthesis (Carbon cycle)

plants capture CO2 from the atmosphere and use it to make sugar

Ocean (Carbon cycle)

Absorbs/dissolves CO2

Consumption (Carbon cycle)

one organism eats another for carbon

Decomposition (Carbon cycle)

When plants and animals die, they are decomposed by bacteria and fungi- they respire and release carbon dioxide

Fossilization (Carbon cycle)

Converts carbon from once-living organisms into a fuel source through intense heat and compression, including natural gas, oil, and coal (fossil fuels)

Extraction/mining (Carbon cycle)

Taking fossil fuels out of ground

Evaporation (Hydrological cycle)

water moves from aquatic and land system to air (liquid → vapour).

Evapotranspiration/transpiration (Hydrological cycle)

Transpiration from plants. Correlates with species richness. water leaves plant into atmosphere.

Condensation (Hydrological cycle)

Cloud made from water. Water vapor -> liquid in cloud.

Precipitation (Hydrological cycle)

rain

Runoff (Hydrological cycle)

not all water can infiltrate ground which leads to it sliding on the surface into nearby bodies of water

Percolation (Hydrological cycle)

The downward movement of water through soil and rock due to gravity.

Infiltration (Hydrological cycle)

the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil

Does phosphorus cycle through the atmosphere?

NO

Abiotic Nitrogen Fixation (Nitrogen cycle)

the process of lightning changing free nitrogen gas into usable nitrogen compounds such as nitrates that plants can absorb and use.

Nitrogen Fixation Formula (Nitrogen cycle)

N2 —> NO3/NH3

Biotic Nitrogen Fixation (Nitrogen cycle)

the process of bacteria changing free nitrogen gas into usable nitrogen compounds such as nitrates that plants can absorb and use.

Nitrification (Nitrogen cycle)

the process by which nitrites and nitrates are produced by bacteria in the soil

Nitrification Chemical Formula (Nitrogen cycle)

NH3 —> NO3

Ammonification (Nitrogen cycle)

decomposers convert organic waste into ammonia

Ammonification Chemical Formula (Nitrogen cycle)

Creates NH3

Assimilation (Nitrogen cycle)

Uptake of plant nutrients to make nitrogen useable

Assimilation Chemical Formula (Nitrogen cycle)

NO3 —> plants

Denitrification (Nitrogen cycle)

process by which bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas

Denitrification Chemical Formula (Nitrogen cycle)

NO3 —> N2

Carbon biggest reservoir

Ocean sediment

Phosphorus biggest reservoir

Sediment

Water biggest reservoir

Ocean

Nitrogen biggest reservoir

Atmosphere

Ammonia chemical formula

NH3

Ammonium Ions chemical formula

NH4+

Nitrates chemical formula

NO3-

Nitrites chemical formula

NO2-

Nitrogen Gas chemical formula

N2

N2

Nitrogen gas

NO2-

Nitrite

NO3-

Nitrate

NH4+

Ammonium Ion

NH3

ammonia

How humans impact carbon cycle

Combustion of fossil fuels, deforestation

How humans impact nitrogen cycle

Nitrogen fertilizers, combustion of fossil fuels

How humans impact phosphorus cycle

Fertilizer runoff, soap, detergent

How humans impact hydrologic cycle

Consumption, pavement (water can't infiltrate)

Eutrophication

A process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, become highly concentrated in a body of water, leading to increased growth of organisms such as algae or cyanobacteria.

Niche

An organism's particular role in an ecosystem, or how it makes its living.

Biological significance of carbon

Building block of life

Biological significance of water

All living things need water

Biological significance of nitrogen

Amino acids, protein, dna/rna

Biological significance of phosphorus

Bones/teeth

Hydrosphere

All the water on earth

Biosphere

Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere.

Lithosphere/Geosphere

The Earth's solid surface, includes continental and oceanic crust as well as the different layers of the Earth's interior

Atmosphere

A thin layer of gases surrounding Earth

Aquifer

A body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater.

DNA

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

ATP

(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work

weathering and erosion

Processes that break down a rock to form sediments.

C6H12O6

glucose

glucose chemical formula

C6H12O6

PO4

Phosphate

Phosphate chemical formula

PO4