APWORLD UNIT 9

What is the primary theme of Unit 9, Topic 8?

Governance.

What is the learning objective of this topic?

Explain how and why globalization changed international interactions among states.

What major effect has globalization had on international relations?

The formation of supranational organizations to facilitate global cooperation.

What is considered the 'great grandparent' of supranational organizations?

The United Nations.

When was the United Nations created?

After World War II.

What was the primary purpose of the United Nations?

To create an international body for nations to negotiate and resolve issues peacefully.

What organization was created after World War I that the UN aimed to improve upon?

The League of Nations.

What was a major weakness of the League of Nations?

It lacked authority to enforce its resolutions on member nations.

What was one example of the League of Nations' failure?

It could not stop Hitler's expansion of German territory.

What are the two main purposes of the United Nations?

To prevent war and facilitate cooperation among nations.

What is the first body of the United Nations?

The General Assembly.

How many member nations are in the General Assembly?

193 member nations.

What classification do the two independent states that are not members of the UN hold?

Permanent observers.

Which two independent states are classified as permanent observers in the UN?

Vatican City and Palestine.

What does globalization refer to in the context of this topic?

The shrinking of the world due to interconnected economies, communication, travel, and culture.

What role do supranational organizations play in a globalized world?

They help facilitate cooperation among nations.

What does the term 'supranational organizations' refer to?

Organizations that transcend national boundaries and have authority over member states.

What is the significance of the United Nations in international relations?

It serves as a platform for negotiation and conflict resolution among nations.

What was the UN's goal in relation to the League of Nations?

To address and correct the weaknesses of the League of Nations.

Why was the establishment of the UN necessary after World War II?

To prevent the recurrence of global conflicts and promote international cooperation.

What is the significance of member representation in the General Assembly?

It ensures that all member nations have a voice in international discussions.

What is the role of the General Assembly in the United Nations?

The General Assembly is responsible for discussing and making policies for all member nations.

What significant organization did the General Assembly create in 1946?

The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) to provide social welfare services to children.

What global initiatives has UNICEF rolled out?

UNICEF has rolled out initiatives for child immunizations, education, and emergency relief for children and mothers after disasters.

What historical period saw many newly independent states join the UN?

The era of decolonization.

What is the second main body of the United Nations?

The Security Council.

Who are the five permanent members of the Security Council?

The United States, China, Russia, France, and the United Kingdom.

What power do the five permanent members of the Security Council hold?

They have veto power over any policies.

How did the veto power affect the UN's ability to maintain peace during the Cold War?

It prevented the UN from being able to protect against many wars, as permanent members used their veto power to protect their own interests.

What recent event did the UN Security Council attempt to address with a resolution in 2022?

Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

What was the outcome of the UN's resolution condemning Russia's invasion of Ukraine?

Russia, as a permanent member with veto power, vetoed the condemnation.

Why has Palestine not been accepted as a member of the United Nations?

Palestine has applied for membership multiple times but has not been accepted, although the specific reasons are not detailed.

What is the primary purpose of UNICEF as established by the General Assembly?

To provide social welfare services to children worldwide.

What challenges did decolonized states face in the mid-20th century?

They faced difficulties in their new era of independence, which the General Assembly addressed.

What does the term 'veto power' refer to in the context of the Security Council?

The ability of permanent members to reject any proposed policy or resolution.

What is a significant consequence of the veto power in the Security Council?

It can lead to contention and prevent the UN from taking action on global issues.

What does the term 'keeping peace' refer to in the context of the Security Council's responsibilities?

The Security Council's role in maintaining international peace and security.

What is the significance of the General Assembly's humanitarian policies?

They aim to address the diverse humanitarian needs of member nations.

What was the impact of the General Assembly's expansion during decolonization?

It became a significant forum for negotiating the challenges faced by newly independent states.

What does the term 'international politics' imply in the context of the Vatican's stance?

The Vatican's desire to remain neutral and not be involved in international political conflicts.

How does the General Assembly contribute to global initiatives?

By creating organizations like UNICEF and discussing policies that address global humanitarian issues.

What role does the Security Council play in a globalized world?

It is responsible for maintaining peace and security among nations.

What is the significance of Palestine's UN membership status?

Palestine has been prevented from gaining UN membership, which reflects ongoing tensions in the region.

What was the creation of Israel supported by?

The creation of Israel was supported by western powers, notably the United States and the United Kingdom.

What has been the ongoing conflict between Israelis and Palestinians about?

The conflict has been about control over the territory of Palestine.

What role do the permanent members of the Security Council play?

Permanent members often use their veto power to protect their own interests.

How does the Security Council differ from the League of Nations?

The Security Council has the authority to send military peacekeepers to stabilize violent situations, which the League of Nations could not do.

What actions can the Security Council take against states creating conditions for violence?

The Security Council can impose economic sanctions on those states.

What was the outcome of UN peacekeeping efforts in Liberia?

UN peacekeeping efforts were successful in negotiating a ceasefire agreement in Liberia in 2003.

What was a notable failure of UN peacekeeping efforts?

The UN peacekeeping efforts in Rwanda in 1994 failed to prevent the genocide.

What was the estimated death toll of the Rwandan Genocide?

The genocide resulted in the death of an estimated 1 million people.

How does the existence of the United Nations relate to globalization?

The UN is both a result of globalization and continues to foster the growth of globalization.

What is the learning objective regarding globalization in international interactions?

The objective is to explain how and why globalization changed international interactions among states.

What is the main theme of Unit 9 Topic 7?

Cultural Developments and Interactions.

What is the learning objective for this topic?

To explain the various responses to increasing globalization from 1900 to present.

What has globalization fundamentally changed since 1900?

The world's economy and culture.

What significant economic event occurred in the 20th century due to globalization?

The largest bout of economic growth in history.

By how much did the global population increase in the 20th century?

40-fold.

What was the impact of economic globalization on living standards?

It led to better standards of living, healthcare, education, and literacy.

What global movements have been implemented due to increased interconnection between cultures?

Human rights movements.

What significant international economic conference took place in 1944?

The Bretton Woods Conference.

What was one of the main causes of World War II that the Bretton Woods Conference aimed to address?

Global economic crises after World War I.

What two significant international economic institutions were created at the Bretton Woods Conference?

The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

What was the original purpose of the World Bank?

To provide financial assistance for the reconstruction of Europe after World War II.

What shift occurred in the focus of the World Bank later in the century?

It shifted to providing poverty reduction and technical assistance to developing countries.

What is the purpose of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?

To facilitate monetary cooperation among member states.

What economic values did the Bretton Woods System aim to promote?

Free trade and stable currency values.

What criticism do critics have regarding the Bretton Woods System?

It marginalized populations in the global south for the economic benefit of the global north.

What is the significance of the Bretton Woods System in the post-war world?

It became the standard operating procedure for promoting economic flourishing.

What is the relationship between globalization and cultural interactions?

Globalization has increased interconnections between cultures, leading to cultural developments.

What are the two sides of globalization discussed in the notes?

Positive effects and negative effects.

What has been a major outcome of economic globalization in terms of healthcare?

Extended lifespans.

What does the term 'resistance to economic globalization' refer to?

Movements protesting against the negative impacts of economic globalization.

What was the aim of the Bretton Woods Conference regarding post-war conditions?

To create a stable economic environment to prevent future crises.

How did the Bretton Woods institutions aim to achieve economic growth?

By promoting free trade and stable currency values.

What is a key argument made by critics of the World Bank and IMF?

They argue that these institutions have not evenly distributed the benefits of globalization.

What is the relationship between imperialism and globalization according to the notes?

Imperialism involved exploiting economies for the benefit of imperial powers, similar to how globalization allows multinational corporations to exploit laborers in developing countries.

What is the anti-globalization movement?

A significant movement that has arisen in response to global economic policies, aiming to change those policies that undermine local economic decisions.

What event in 1999 marked a significant manifestation of resistance to globalization?

The Battle for Seattle, where over 40,000 people protested against the World Trade Organization's financial goals.

What was the police response to the protests at the Battle for Seattle?

The police response was harsh, including the use of tear gas and rubber bullets to disperse the crowd.

What does the term 'marginalized' refer to in the context of globalization?

It refers to those who have been disadvantaged or left out by global economic policies.

How have globalized cultural influences prompted resistance in developing countries?

States have resisted globalized culture by promoting their own local social media platforms to counteract the influence of Western ideas.

What action did China take regarding Western social media platforms?

China shut down sites like Facebook and Twitter, claiming they were responsible for social unrest.

What was the cause of the 2009 Uighur riots in China?

The riots were between the majority Han and the minority Uighur populations, exacerbated by the influence of social media.

What platform did China introduce to replace Western social media?

China introduced Weibo, which allowed similar functions as Facebook and Twitter but filtered out undesirable Western ideas.

What does the term 'filtered' refer to in the context of Chinese social media?

It refers to the government's practice of censoring information deemed unfit for the public.

What are some criticisms of global economic policies?

Critics argue that these policies undermine local economic decisions and prioritize a global order over local needs.

What role does social media play in the spread of global culture?

Social media outlets like Facebook and Twitter have been significant catalysts for the spread of globalized culture.

What is the significance of the anti-globalization protests?

They represent a collective response from diverse groups against the perceived negative impacts of globalization.

What is the impact of globalization on laborers in developing countries?

Global economic policies often lead to the exploitation of laborers in developing countries that lack regulation.

How did the Chinese government view the influence of social media on Uighur Muslims?

The government blamed social media for inciting unrest among Uighur Muslims and took measures to shut down those platforms.

What is the main argument of the learning objective regarding globalization?

The objective is to explain the various responses to increasing globalization from 1900 to the present.

What does 'local economic decisions' refer to?

It refers to economic choices made by local communities that may be undermined by global economic policies.

What is the purpose of the anti-globalization movement?

To advocate for the interests of those marginalized by global economic policies and to promote local economic sovereignty.

What is the significance of the diversity of backgrounds among the protesters at the Battle for Seattle?

It highlights the widespread concern and collective action against globalization from various sectors of society.

What was a notable consequence of the Battle for Seattle?

It marked the beginning of a larger anti-globalization movement.

What strategies do countries like China use to maintain control over cultural influences?

They create local alternatives to global platforms and filter content to prevent the spread of foreign ideas.

What are the implications of shutting down foreign social media platforms?

It limits access to diverse perspectives and information, reinforcing government narratives.

How does the concept of 'global order' relate to local economies?

A global order prioritizes international economic goals, which can conflict with the needs and decisions of local economies.

Globalization

The process by which cultures from around the world interact and influence each other.