Cell Biology: Organelles and Structures

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to cell biology, specifically focusing on various organelles and cellular structures.

Microtubules

Cylindrical structures that provide support, shape, and facilitate intracellular transport.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance within a cell that contains organelles and is the site of various metabolic processes.

Golgi Complex

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Ribosome

A cellular structure that synthesizes proteins by translating messenger RNA.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A network of membranes involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification processes.

Cell Organelles

Specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct functions necessary for cell survival and activity.

Vacuole

A membrane-bound sac that stores substances such as nutrients, waste products, or water in cells.

Centrioles

Cylindrical structures that play a role in cell division by aiding in the formation of spindle fibers.

Nuclear membrane

The double-layered membrane that encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm.

Microvilli

Small, finger-like projections that increase the surface area of cells, aiding in absorption.

Reticulum

A network or system within the cell, often referring to the endoplasmic reticulum which is involved in protein and lipid processing.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A network of membranes studded with ribosomes, involved in the synthesis and transport of proteins.

Plasma Membrane

The outer membrane of a cell that regulates what enters and exits the cell.

Nucleus

The membrane-bound organelle that houses the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities.

Lysosomes

Organelles that contain enzymes for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.

Mitochondria

Organelles known as the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for energy (ATP) production through respiration.

Nucleolus

A structure within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and ribosome subunits are assembled.