Chemistry Concepts and Reactions
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A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to chemical reactions, energy changes, and pressure measurements in gases.
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20 Terms
Theoretical Yield
The maximum amount of product that can be obtained from a reaction.
Limiting Reagent
The reactant that is completely consumed first in a reaction, limiting the amount of product formed.
Percent Yield
The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage.
Spontaneous Reaction
A reaction that continues by itself once it has started, releasing energy.
Nonspontaneous Reaction
A reaction that will not take place unless energy is supplied to initiate and sustain it.
Free Energy (G)
Energy released or gained in a reaction; a measure of the spontaneity of the reaction.
Exothermic Reaction
A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat.
Endothermic Reaction
A reaction that requires energy input to proceed.
Activation Energy (Eact)
The energy barrier that must be crossed for a reaction to occur.
Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy without being consumed.
Atmospheric Pressure
The mass of all the air above the earth, measured as 1 atmosphere (atm) = 14.7 psi.
Barometer
A device used to measure atmospheric pressure, often involving a mercury-filled tube.
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)
Conditions defined as 0 °C and a pressure of 1 atm.
Sphygmomanometer
An instrument used to measure blood pressure, consisting of an inflatable cuff and a manometer.
Manometer
A device used to measure the pressure of enclosed gases.
Torr
A unit of pressure equivalent to 1 mmHg, named after Evangelista Torricelli.
Actual Yield
The amount of product experimentally obtained from a reaction.
Enthalpy (\Delta H)
A measure of the total heat content of a system.
Entropy (\Delta S)
A measure of the disorder or randomness of a system.
Ideal Gas Law
A law describing the relationship between pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), and amount of gas in moles (n) for an ideal gas: PV = nRT, where R is the ideal gas constant.
