Kosky U.S. History chpt. 5

Federalist papers

85 essays published in newspapers promoting the ratification of the constitution

Philedelphia convention

Meeting from May through September 1787 originally to revise the A.O.C. and where the US Constitution was drafted

Fifty-five

How many delegates attended the Philadelphia Convention?

Legestlative, executive, judicial

Three branches of goverment

L - writes the laws, E - enforces the laws, J - interperts the laws

Functions of the branches of goverment

Federalists

Those who favored the ratification of the constitution

Anti - federalists

Those who were against the ratification of the constitution

No bill of rights

What was anti - federalist’s main reason for opposing the ratification of the constitution

Bicameral

Two house legistlature

Republic

A goverment in which representatives gain authority through the concent of the govened

Federalism

System of shared power between the states and the federal goverment

Shaze rebellion

1786 uprising of western Massachusetts farmers over high taxes, a reason for revising the A.O.C.

3/5 compromise

All enslaved persons would be counted as three-fifths of a person for purposed of representation

Electoral college

Electors from each state would cast official votes for the president and vice president.

Checks and balances

System that allows each branch of govt. to amend or veto acts of another branch so that the power of the 3 branches stays balanced

Virginia plan

Plan called for a bicameral legislature with proportional representation, favored by states with larger population

New jersey plan

Plan called for a one house legislature with equal representation, favored by states with smaller population

Great compromise

Plan called for proportional representation in the House or Rep. and equal representation in the Senate

Bill of rights

The 1st 10 amendments to the US Constitution

George Worshington

The first president of the US-1789-1797

John Adams

The Second president of the US-1797-1801

Federalists

Political Party: loose constructionists, favored strong central govt., urban, industry and manufacturing, Bank of U.S., Consolidate debt, led by A. Hamilton

Democratic - Republicans

Political Party: strict constructionists, favored states rights, agrarian economy to trade for manufactured goods, anti-Bank of U.S., anti- debt consolidation, led by Jefferson and Madison

Barbary pirates

Demanded a tribute to pass through their North African territory of the Mediterranean Sea

Alexander Hamilton

The Sec. of Treasury under Washington, created the Bank of the US

Exsize taxes

A tax levied on a particular product

First bank of the US

Institution created to hold federal funds, regulate state banks, expand the money supply and encourage commerce and economic growth

Loose construction

Interpretation of the US Constitution which gave expansive powers to Congress and the president

Strict construction

Interpretation of the US Constitution that followed the document to the letter, honoring the rights of states over federal power

Wiskhey rebellion

1794 uprising in Western Pennsylvania by farmers protesting the new excise tax on liquor. The threat of military force stopped the uprising

Pickney’s treaty

Agreement between the US and Spain that opened up the Mississippi R. to free navigation allowing Americans to use the Spanish port of New Orleans

Treaty of greenville

1795 Treaty in which Native Americans gave up their lands in present-day Ohio, and parts of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan

Fallen timbers

1794 battle at which Shawnee and Miami Indians were defeated by US forces near present day Toledo, Ohio

Impresmant

Recruitment by force into the military

Jay’s treaty

Agreement between the US and Britain by which the British would withdraw from Western forts and opened trade in the British West Indies

Xyz affair

An attempt by French agents to demand bribes from US diplomats in order to address French naval aggression on the high seas against US ships

Xyz affairs

Three French agents attempted to bride US diplomats and demanded $12,000,000 loan to France, $250,000 for French foreign minister Tallyrand, and an apology from Adams

Alien incedition acts

1798 law that enabled the president to expel, for any reason, new immigrants, or aliens living in the US, it also targeted US citizens who criticized the govt.

Alien incedition acts

Adams signed laws restricting naturalized citizenship for immigrants, and restricted freedom of speech for citizens and journalists who criticized the government

Nullification

The idea that a state could veto a federal law it considered unconstitutional

Nullification

Democratic- Republican idea that a state can declare a federal law it disagrees with to be unconstitutional

Quasi war

Undeclared conflict between the US and France from 1798-1800, France seized US cargo and ships, France angry over US trade relations with Britain

Amedmants 1 - 8

Amendments dealing with basic individual rights

Amendment 9

Amendment that allows for any personal freedoms not specified in the previous eight

Amendment 10

Declared powers not delegated to the U.S. by the Constitution are reserved for the states or to the people

Necessary and proper clause / elastic clause

Declared Congress may pass any law deemed “necessary and proper,” favored by loose constructionists

Debt crisis

Hamilton’s plan to have the federal govt. assume all state debt from the Rev. War, opposed by Dem.-Rep.s, a compromise allowed for the plan in exchange for the nation’s capital to be moved to the South