African American History Honors Final Study Guide - Ernest Milton's Class 2425

What does the term "Antebellum" refer to?

The period before the Civil War.

What are Field Hands in the context of slave labor?

The majority of the slave workforce.

What are House Slaves?

Slaves who worked as cooks, maids, butlers, and gardeners.

How were House Slaves supervised compared to Field Hands?

They were more closely supervised due to proximity to whites.

Why were Skilled Slaves considered more elite?

They performed specialized work such as carpentry and blacksmithing.

What is the significance of Urban Slaves?

They lived in larger southern cities and had more autonomy, such as purchasing their own food and clothes.

What are examples of diseases affecting enslaved people listed in the notes?

Salmonella, Hepatitis, Diarrhea, Intestinal worms.

What does the term "Peculiar Institution" refer to?

Slavery.

What was the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

It allowed for the admission of one free state (Maine) and one slave state (Missouri) and banned slavery in the Louisiana Purchase north of Missouri's southern boundary.

What is Sectionalism?

Loyalty to one's own region rather than the country as a whole.

What started the Mexican War (1846-1848)?

The Wilmot Proviso attempted to ban slavery in territories captured from Mexico.

What is Manifest Destiny?

The belief that American expansion across the continent was divinely ordained.

What did the Compromise of 1850 establish?

For every free state North, there would be a slave state South.

What was the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850?

It permitted people to be deputized to help apprehend fugitive slaves.

What was the significance of Uncle Tom’s Cabin?

It raised awareness of the realities of slavery and sold 300,000 copies in its first year.

What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act allow?

It allowed for popular sovereignty to decide if the territories would be free or slave.

What was the Dred Scott Decision?

It ruled that slaves were not citizens and could not sue in court.

What was the role of John Brown's Raid?

To attempt to overthrow the South through armed conflict and end slavery.

What was the significance of Lincoln’s Election in 1860?

It triggered secession from Southern states.

What was the outcome of the Civil War?

The Union was preserved, and slavery was abolished.

Who founded the Women's Political Council (WPC)?

A prominent group of Black female activists in Montgomery.

What was the Civil Rights Act of 1969?

It banned segregation and discrimination in public places and employment.

What did Emmett Till's mother do after his death?

She became an advocate for civil rights, highlighting racial violence.

What was the impact of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

It successfully led to the desegregation of Montgomery's buses.

What is the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?

A group that played a key role in the Civil Rights Movement, particularly among youth.

What did JFK do in relation to the Civil Rights Movement?

He hesitated to support it due to fear of losing Southern votes.

What tactic did activists use during the Albany Movement?

Attempted to desegregate public spaces including bus terminals.

What was the significance of the March on Washington?

It gathered massive support for civil rights, culminating in King's "I Have a Dream" speech.

What did the term "New Negro" represent?

A movement towards racial uplift and political involvement by African Americans.

What was the role of Buffalo Soldiers?

They were African American soldiers who fought in the Indian Wars and supported the U.S. Army.

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

A cultural movement that celebrated African American arts and literature.

How did the Great Migration influence the Harlem Renaissance?

It led to increased literacy and opportunities for Black artists and activists.

Who was W.E.B. DuBois?

A prominent African American scholar and civil rights activist who played a key role in the NAACP.

What was the purpose of the NAACP?

To fight for civil rights and against racial discrimination.

What factors contributed to the anti-immigrant sentiment in the U.S. during the 1920s?

Fear of foreigners, economic depression, and suspicion of communism.

What were Jim Crow Laws?

State and local statutes that legalized racial segregation.

What is the significance of the 15th Amendment?

It guarantees the right to vote regardless of race.

What was the impact of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

It outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Who were the Exodusters?

African Americans who migrated to the Great Plains after Reconstruction.

What did the term 'Bad Blood' refer to in the context of the Tuskegee Study?

A term used to describe various ailments, including syphilis.

What historical event provoked the rise of the Ku Klux Klan?

The film 'The Birth of a Nation' depicted them as heroic figures.

What was the significance of the Scottsboro Boys case?

It highlighted racial injustice in the legal system and led to significant court cases.

What is Social Darwinism?

The application of Darwin's theories to human societies, often to justify racial hierarchies.

Who was Ida B. Wells?

A journalist and activist who fought against lynching and for civil rights.

What is the significance of the 14th Amendment?

It granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States.

What does "double consciousness" refer to?

The internal struggle of African Americans to reconcile their identity within a racially biased society.

What was the impact of the Red Summer of 1919?

It was marked by widespread racial violence and riots across many U.S. cities.

What were the economic conditions for Blacks in the 1930s?

Blacks faced high unemployment and low wages, along with general economic despair.

What did the Ku Klux Klan do during the early 20th century?

The Klan was involved in acts of terror against African Americans and other minority groups.

Who was Marcus Garvey?

A leader advocating for Black nationalism and economic self-sufficiency.

What does the term "disenfranchisement" mean?

The deprivation of the right to vote.

What was the goal of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party?

To challenge the seating of delegates at the national Democratic Party convention.

What was the impact of the Little Rock Nine?

They faced significant resistance while attempting to integrate a previously all-white high school.

What was the purpose of the Black Star Line?

To promote economic independence among Blacks and facilitate return to Africa.

How did white Americans respond to the Great Migration?

There was increased racial tension and hostility in many areas.

What was the significance of the Harlem Renaissance in shaping Black identity?

It fostered a sense of pride and cultural identity among African Americans.

What did the term 'lynching' refer to in the early 20th century?

Murder by a mob without due process, often targeting Black individuals.

What was the impact of the Civil Rights Movement on laws and policies in the U.S.?

It led to significant changes including laws prohibiting racial discrimination and promoting equal rights.

What was the focus of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Ending discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in employment and public accommodations.

What was the outcome of the Selma to Montgomery marches?

They were pivotal in raising awareness for voting rights and led to changes in federal policies.

Who were the Freedom Riders?

Activists who rode interstate buses to challenge segregation in the South.

What was the significance of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

It outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans.

What did Black Codes establish after the Civil War?

Laws aimed at restricting the rights of former slaves.

What did the civil rights slogan "No Justice, No Peace" emphasize?

The belief that societal peace is impossible without justice for marginalized groups.

What was the primary message of Martin Luther King Jr.'s

To advocate for civil rights through nonviolent means.