Cell structure - Module 2

Centrioles

Structures found in the cytoplasm made of microtubules that produce the spindle

fibres during mitosis.

Chloroplasts

Organelles found in plants and algae that are the site of photosynthesis.

Cilia

Small hair-like structures that project from the surface of cells.

Confocal microscopy

A type of microscopy that uses lasers to scan a specimen

point by point to produce an image.

Cytoskeleton

A mesh of protein fibres found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells

used for structural support and intracellular transport.

Differential staining

Using multiple different stains to distinguish different parts

of a specimen.

Eukaryotic cell

A type of cell that contains a nucleus along with membrane

bound organelles.

Flagella

A whip-like structure found on bacterial cells that is used for cell movement.

Golgi apparatus

An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in the modification

and packaging of proteins.

Light microscope

A type of microscope that uses a series of lenses to magnify

the visible light reflecting off a specimen.

Lysosomes

Membrane-bound vesicles found in the cytoplasm that contain a hydrolytic

enzyme called lysozyme.

Magnification

How much bigger an image appears compared to the original object

calculated using the following formula

Mitochondrion

An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is the site of aerobic respiration.

Nuclear envelope

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.

Nucleolus

A structure found inside the nucleus that contains proteins and RNA

and is involved in synthesizing new ribosomes.

Nucleus

An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that stores the genetic information of the cell

as chromosomes and is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope.

Plasma membrane

A semipermeable lipid bilayer studded with proteins that surrounds the

cell and many organelles.

Prokaryotic cell

A type of cell that does not contain any membrane bound

organelles or a nucleus.

Resolution

The ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen.

Ribosomes

Organelles found either free in the cytoplasm or membrane bound that are

involved in the synthesis of proteins.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

A membrane-bound organelle that is involved in the

synthesis and packaging of proteins.

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

A type of microscope that passes a

beam of electrons over the surface of a specimen to produce an image.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

A membrane-bound organelle involved in lipid

synthesis.

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

A type of microscope that passes a

beam of electrons through a sample to produce an image.