neck 2

Anterior border of posterior triangle

posterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle

Posterior border of posterior triangle of neck

anterior border of trapezius muscle

Inferior border of posterior triangle of neck

superior border of intermediate 1/3 of clavicle

Superior border of posterior triangle

meeting of trapezius and SCM at superior nuchal line

Roof of posterior triangle of neck

skin, superficial fascia, platysma and investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Floor of posterior triangle of neck

semispinalis capitis, splenius capitis, levator scapulae, and scalene muscles

Origin of platysma muscle

superficial fascia of deltoid and pectoral regions

Insertion of platysma muscle

inferior border of mandible with some fibers that sweep and blend into risorius

Action of platysma muscle

depresses mandible and stretches skin of the neck tightly

Natural part of aging process

platysma bands

Origin of splenius capitis muscle

lower part of ligamentum nuchae, spinus process of C7 T3

Insertion of splenius capitis

mastoid process and superior nuchal line

Action of splenius capitis

individually, flexes head laterally and rotate the head to the same side. Bilaterally, extends the head

Nerve supply of splenius capitis

2nd and 3rd cervical spinal nerves

Levator scapulae origin

transverse processes of C1 to C4

Insertion of levator scapulae

superior portion of vertebral border of scapula

Action of levator scapulae

elevates and rotates scapulae

Nerve supply of levator scapulae

dorsal scapular nerves

Origin of scalene muscles

transverse processes of c2 to C7

Insertion of scalenius Medius

1st rib

Insertion of scalenius anterior

1st rib

Insertion of scalenius posterior

2nd rib

Action of scalene muscles

flex the neck and elevate the 1st and 2nd ribs

Scalene muscles are innervated by

spinal nerves

Subdivisions of posterior triangle

occipital and supraclavicular

Anterior border of occipital triangle of posterior triangle

posterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle

Posterior border of occipital triangle of posterior triangle of neck

anterior border of trapezius muscle

Inferior border of occipital triangle of posterior triangle of neck

superior border of inferior belly of omohyoid

Superior border of occipital triangle of posterior triangle

meeting of trapezius and SCM at superior nuchal line

Roof of occipital triangle of posterior triangle of neck

skin, superficial fascia, platysma and investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Floor of occipital triangle of posterior triangle of neck

semispinalis capitis, splenius capitis, levator scapulae, and scalene muscles

Anterior border of supraclavicular triangle of posterior triangle

posterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle

Superior border of supraclavicular triangle of posterior triangle

inferior border of inferior belly of omohyoid

Inferior border of supraclavicular triangle of posterior triangle

superior border of intermediate 1/3 of clavicle

Arteries of posterior triangle

occipital, 3rd part of subclavian, transverse cervical, suprascapular, and dorsal scapular artery

Veins of posterior triangle

external jugular vein, transverse cervical vein, occipital vein, suprascapular vein and subclavian vein

Nerves of posterior triangle

spinal accessory nerve, cutaneous and muscular branches of cervical plexus, and root, trunk and divisions of brachial plexus

Lymph nodes of posterior triangle

supraclavicular and lateral superior deep cervical lymph nodes

Accessory nerve divides posterior triangle into

nearly equal superior and inferior parts

accessory nerve enters posterior triangle at

junction of superior and middle thirds fo sternocleidomastoid muscle

accessory nerve supplies

motor fibres to both trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

what is the brachial plexus

network of nerves formed by anterior rami of the lower 4 cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve (C5-C8 and T1)

brachial plexus supplies

afferent and efferent nerve fibers to Chest, shoulder, arm and hand

cervical plexus roots

the superior 4 cervical nerves

location of cervical plexus

lies deep to internal jugular vein and the sternocleidomastoid

branches of cervical plexus

cutaneous and muscular

cutaneous branches of cervical plexus

* great auricular
* lesser occipital
* transverse cervical
* supraclavicular

great auricular nerve innervates

skin near concha auricle and external acoustic meatus

lesser occipital innervates

skin and scalp posterior to the auricle

transverse cervical innervates

anterior region of neck

supraclavicular nerve innervates

skin above and below clavicle

Erb’s point

point on posterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle where the 4 superficial branches of the cervical plexus emerge

muscular branch of cervical plexus from C1 through hypoglossal nerve gives innervation to

geniohyoid and thyrohyoid

muscular branch of cervical plexus from C1 to C3 gives _____ innervation to __

motor | sternothyroid, sternohyoid and omohyoid

muscular branch of cervical plexus from C1 to C3

ansa cervicalis

muscular branch of cervical plexus from C3-C5 gives _______ innervation to

motor and sensory | diaphragm

muscular branch of cervical plexus from C3-C5

phrenic nerve

right common carotid artery origin

brachiocephalic trunk

left common carotid artery origin

second branch of aortic arch

course of both common carotid arteries

superiorly in carotid sheath with internal jugular vein laterally and vagus nerve posterolaterally

where does common carotid divide

at superior border of thyroid cartilage

right and left common carotid arteries divide into

internal and external carotid artery

internal carotid artery supplies

brain and orbit

course of internal carotid artery

continues in carotid sheath to enter carotid canal in base of skull

course of external carotid artery:

leaves carotid sheath by passing anterosuperiorly within carotid triangle

how many branches of external carotid artery are there and their positions

8 branches, 5 below posterior belly of digastric within carotid triangle and 3 above it

branches of external carotid artery

* superior thyroid
* ascending pharyngeal
* lingual
* facial
* occipital
* posterior auricular artery
* maxillary artery
* superficial temporal

superior thyroid artery supplies

infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland, larynx and laryngopharynx

superior thyroid artery gives off

superior laryngeal artery

ascending pharyngeal artery supplies

oro and nasopharynx, prevertebral muscles and palatine branch to soft palate

lingual artery supplies

tongue, suprahyoid, sublingual gland and palatine tonsils

facial artery supplies

submandibular gland and face up to orbit

occipital artery

sternocleidomastoid muscle, meningeal branches and scalp posteriorly

maxillary artery supplies

muscles of mastication, meninges, midface including upper teeth, nasal cavity, hard palate and soft palate

superficial temporal artery supplies

scalp laterally

subclavian artery origin

right: from brachiocephalic trunk

left: from aortic arch

left subclavian artery supplies blood to

left arm

right subclavian artery supplies blood to

right arm with branches supplying thorax and head

internal jugular vein collects blood from

skull, brain, superficial face and parts of the neck

what forms the right and left brachiocephalic veins

internal jugular veins join with subclavian veins

Internal jugular vein Origin

jugular fossa, as continuation of sigmoid sinus

Internal jugular vein course

in carotid sheath, first with internal and then common carotid artery

veins that drain into internal jugular vein

* occipital
* facial
* lingual
* pharyngeal
* superior thyroid

External jugular vein formed by

combination of the posterior branch of the retromandibular and posterior auricular vv. in the parotid gland

course of external jugular vein

passes into posterior triangle of neck draining into subclavian vein

anterior jugular vein formed by

the joining of a series of superficial veins in submental region

location of subclavian vein

along the lateral border of the 1st rib until it unites with the internal jugular vein

origin of subclavian vein

continuation of the axillary vein