BIOETHICS

5 Basic Ethical Principles:

1. Stewardship

2. Totality

3. Double Effect

4. Cooperation

5. Solidarity

Stewardship

The obligation to take good care and improve a thing entrusted to you.

Totality

View the human body as a whole system, where parts serve the overall person. In organ donation, a voluntary gift can help the recipient while upholding the donor’s autonomy.

Formal Cooperation

________________: The person agrees with the evil being done and assists in it.

Material Cooperation

^

___________________: The person disagrees with the evil being done but nevertheless assists in some degree.

Liabilities

• Civil

• Criminal

• Administrative

Civil

______________: Aimed at compensating the victim. Preponderance of evidence

Criminal

______________: Seeks to vindicate the breach of public peace, punish the wrongdoer, and deter future crimes. Proof beyond reasonable doubt.

Administrative

_______________: Substantial evidence. Penalties, suspension, CDO, license revocation, disqualification.

Negligence

_______________: No perception (foresight)

Imprudence

_____________: No action (skill)

Orthothanasia

________________: Letting the incurably diseases person “Die his own death” while making no extra efforts to prolong his life.

Passive Euthanasia

_______________: Refraining of any medical treatment aimed at retarding death

Active Euthanasia

_____________: Terminating a person’s life in a painless way, at his request and with the intention to prevent person from suffering.

Withholding Treatment

Is an act of omission

Withdrawing Treatment

Is an act of commission

Treatment

______________: is not only in terms of medications but also utilization of equipment, intubation, ventilators and feeding tubes.

Res Ipsa Loquitor

The thing speaks for itself. The consequences of professional care were not as such as would ordinarily have followed if due care had been exercised.

Voluntary Euthanasia

_______________: When euthanasia is conducted with consent. It is currently legal in other countries like Switzerland and Washington, USA.

Non-Voluntary Euthanasia

When euthanasia is conducted on a person who is unable to consent due to their current health condition. In this scenario the decision is made by another appropriate person, on behalf of the patient, based on their quality of life and suffering.

Dying with Dignity

Movement that promotes the ability to meet death on your own terms.

Physician Assisted Suicide

_______________: Is when a doctor gives a person the means to commit suicide when requested for.

Euthanasia

A doctor is allowed by law to end a person’s life by a painless means, as long as the patient and their family agree.