11th grade Quiz - Carbs & Lipid

Carbohydrates

Molecules used for short term energy. Consisting of elements: Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

Triglyceride (lipid)

Energy storing molecule made of glycerol & 3 fatty acid chains. Has Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen but NOT in a 1:2:1 ratio

Monosaccharides

The smallest type of carbohydrate. Examples include glucose, fructose, and ribose

Polysaccharides

MANY many sugar (glucose monosaccharides) units put together. Examples include cellulose, starch, and glycogen

Glucose

What is this?

Monosaccharide

Amylose

What is this?

Alpha glucose connected with 1,4 carbon connections ONLY (no branches). A type of starch made by plants for energy storage.

Amylopectin

What is this?

Alpha glucose connected with 1,4 and 1,6 carbon connections (Branched molecule). A type of starch made by plants for energy storage

Cellulose

What is this?

Beta glucose connected in 1,4 connections - STRAIGHT CHAINS - very tough / indigestible. Made by plants for the structure of their cell walls

Glycogen

The many branched polysaccharide made by animals when they have too much glucose

Anabolism

Set of metabolic pathways that use energy to create larger molecules by assembling smaller molecules together.

Catabolism

Set of metabolic pathways that break down larger molecules to make smaller molecules, releasing energy.

Condensation Reactions

Anabolic reaction that removes HOH (water) to combine smaller molecules into larger molecules

Hydrolysis Reactions

Catabolic reaction that adds HOH (water) to break apart larger molecules into smaller molecules

Carbon

What element is at the center of all biological molecules (organic chemistry) because of its ability to form 4 covalent bonds?

Function of lipids

Long-term energy, cushion & insulation, and a major component of our cell membranes (phospholipids)

Saturated Fatty Acid

Monounsaturated fatty acid

A fatty acid whose molecular structure includes only one double carbon bond.

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

a fatty acid containing two or more carbon-carbon double bonds

Triglyceride

A type of lipid that is made up of glycerol with 3 fatty acids attached