Bruh

evolution

change over time; the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

fossil

preserved remains it traces of ancient organisms

artificial selection

selective breeding of plants/animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits in offspring

adaptation

heritable characteristic that increases an organisms fitness in an environment

fitness

how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment

natural selection

process by which organisms most suited to their environments survive more successfully; survival of the fittest

vestigial structure

structure inherited from ancestors but that has lost its original function

homologous structures

structures similar in different species of common ancestry

analogous structures

body parts that share a common function, but not structure

gene pool

all the genes, including different alleles for each gene, that are present in a population at any one time

allele frequency

the number of times that an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of alleles in that pool for the same gene

genetic drift

random change in allele frequency caused by a series of chance occurrences that cause an allele to become more/less common in a population

bottleneck effect

a change in allele frequency following a dramatic reduction in the size of a population

founder effect

change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population

genetic equilibrium

situation in which allele frequencies in a population remain the same

gene flow

the movement of genes in/out of a population

species

a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

speciation

formation of a new species

reproductive isolation

separation of a species or population so that they no longer interbreed and evolve into two species

behavioral isolation

form of reproductive isolation in which two populations develop differences in courtship rituals or other behaviors that prevent them from breeding

geographic isolation

form of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated by geographic barriers such as rivers or mountains leading to the formation of two separate subspecies

temporal isolation

form of reproductive isolation in which two or more species reproduces at different times

gradualism

the evolution of a species by gradual accumulation of small genetic changes over long periods of time

punctuated equilibrium

pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change

adaptive radiation

process by which a single species or a small group of species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways