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What is crossing over?
A: Exchange of DNA between non-sister chromatids in Prophase I → recombinant chromosomes.
What is random assortment?
A: Chromosomes line up randomly in Metaphase I, creating different combinations in gametes.
What is random fertilization?
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A: Any sperm can combine with any egg → genetic variation
What is segregation of alleles?
A: Parental alleles separate into different gametes during meiosis.
What is independent assortment?
A: Genes are distributed independently into gametes.
What is nondisjunction?
A: Failure of chromosomes to separate properly → too many or too few chromosomes.
What is a pedigree?
A: A chart showing inheritance patterns in a family.
Why does sexual reproduction increase diversity?
: It mixes genes from two parents in many combinations.