mod civ 4

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64 Terms

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German Confederation
Association of German states established at the Congress of Vienna that replaced the Holy Roman Empire and allied independent German states.
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Otto von Bismarck
the politician most instrumental in the unification of Germany
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Chancellor
The highest ranking position that Otto von Bismark was appointed
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Realpolitik
Bismark skillfully acted upon realistic politics that benefited the states
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Franco-Prussian War
sparked by Bismark after releasing a doctored telegram insulting Napoleon II
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Second Reich
the German became known as this after the victory over France
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Kaiser Wilhelm II
The new leader of Germans in World War 1
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Reichstag ( upper house ) Bundesrat ( lower house )
Bismark and Wilhelm established a two house legislature called
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Industrialization
One of the effects of unification allowing Germany to become a military economic power
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Kulturkampf
Bismarck's attack on the Catholic Church
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How Bismark ended up fighting socialism
Adopting social welfare programs
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after the death of Wilhelm I..
Wilhelm II became kaiser and asked Bismark to resign
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Guiseppe Mazzini
A Nationalist leader that founded Young Italy to work for the unified Italian republic to help trade and industry
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Kingdom of Sardinia
the new center for the Italian Movement
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Victor Emmanuel
A monarch who wanted more power by taking Italian states
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Count Camillo Cavour
Prime minister of Sardinia who made war with Austria to take northern Italian states.
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Giuseppe Garibaldi
Worked with Cavour in the Kingdom of Two Sicilies to create an Italian republic and raised an army of 1,000 red shirts
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anarchists
violently sabotaged the constitutional monarchy of the new Italian state.
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Ethiopia
where government worked to expand the empire into in northern africa
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Emigration
used by many Italians as an escape from difficulties faced in italy
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Prince von Metternich
politician who tried to suppress liberal ideas and banned the word constitution
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Franz Joseph
became emperor of Austria and ruled until WWI
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Ferenc Deak
moderate Hungarian leader, helped work out the Dual of Monarchy of Austria Hungary
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Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary
Austria and Hungary are combined under Francis Joseph I
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Ottoman Empire
multinational empire, stretching from Eastern Europe to North Africa and Middle East
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in the Balkans
Serbia and Greece won autonomy and others staged revolts against ottoman rule
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Western Europeans viewed the Balkan region as..
a powder keg that set off WWI
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Peter the Great
expanded the naval power of Russia by conquering the Baltic and black seas.
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Catherine the Great
ruled as an enlightened despot
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Serfs
name for the majority of Russians bc they were laborers for wealthy
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tsar
what Russian autocrats were called meaning caesar or emperor in Russian
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Zemstovs
an land committees set up by Alexander II
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Pogroms
violent government-sanctioned attackes against Russian Jewish
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Nicholas II
the leader Russia began to industrialize under in 1890
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Russo-Japanese War
War between Russia and Japan over imperial possessions. Japan emerges victorious.
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Bloody Sunday
peaceful march by russians turned deadly when Czar's guards fire on crowd, killing hundreds
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October Manifesto
Issued by Nicholas II and granted full civil rights to people and opened up the Duma
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Duma
Russian national legislature
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Peter Stolypin
appointed prime minister by Nicholas II to implement necessary reforms
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Rotten boroughs
rural town in England that sent members to Parliament despite having few or no voters
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Reform Act of 1832
An Act of Parliament that introduced wide-ranging changes to the electoral system of the United Kingdom
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electorate
body of people allowed to vote
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secret ballot
votes cast without announcing them publicly
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Queen Victoria
ruler of britain empire for 64 years and emodied social values of the age
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Benjamin Disraeli
forged the Tories into the modern Conservative Party
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William Gladstone and Disraeli
alternated as prime minister in 1868
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Parliamentary Democracy
a form of government in which the executive leaders are chosen by and responsible to the legislature
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free trade
trade between countries without restrictions
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Abolitionist Movement
Movement to end slavery in 1807
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capital offense
crime punishable by death
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penal colonies
settlements for convicts
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Emmeline Pankhurst
British suffragette and founder of the Woman's Social and Political Union.
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absentee landlord
one who owns a large estate but does not live there
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Homerule
self-government
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Napolean III
ruled Frances Second Empire
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Suez Canal
a canal linking the mediterranean with the red sea and the indian ocean
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Franco-Prussian War
This was a major war between the French and the Germans in 1871 that brought about the unification of Germany. It was caused by Otto Von Bismarck altering a telegram from the Prussian King to provoke the French into attacking Prussia, thus hoping to get the independent German states to unify with Prussia (which they did, thus creating Germany).
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provisional
a government Republicans in Paris formed to end war and minimize losses
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Third Republic
the two house legislature republic that was established in France after the downfall of Napoleon III and remained for 70 years
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premier
held the most power in thenew government that consisted of a two-house legislature which elected the president
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coalition
alliences among various parties to form majorities capable of governing
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Alfred Dreyfus
a Jewish army officer involved in a scandal accused of being a German spy
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libel
a published false statement that is damaging to a person's reputation; a written defamation.
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Zionism
a movement devoted to rebuilding a Jewish state in Palestine