Chapter 19: Sexual Reproduction and the Power of Genetics

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts related to sexual reproduction and meiosis as discussed in Chapter 19.

Asexual Reproduction

Offspring arises from a single parent and is genetically identical.

Binary fission

A method of asexual reproduction where the organism divides in half.

Budding

A method of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud.

Parthenogenesis

A form of asexual reproduction where an embryo grows and develops without fertilization by a male.

Sexual Reproduction

Mixing of DNA from two individuals to produce genetically distinct offspring.

Diploid (2n)

A cell that possesses two sets of chromosomes.

Germ Cells (Gametes)

Specialized cells involved in sexual reproduction that are haploid.

Haploid (n)

A cell that possesses one set of chromosomes.

Meiosis

The division of specialized diploid germ cells to generate four haploid germ cells.

Meiosis I

The first stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes pair and then separate.

Meiosis II

The second stage of meiosis where sister chromatids are separated.

Crossing-over

The swapping of chromosomal segments between maternal and paternal homologs during Prophase I.

Chiasma

The point where crossing-over occurs between homologs.

Independent assortment

The process that results in the production of genetically different gametes during meiosis.

Nondisjunction

The failure of homologs or sister chromatids to separate properly, leading to an abnormal number of chromosomes.

Aneuploidy

An abnormal number of chromosomes resulting from nondisjunction.