the subjunctive

how do you form the present subjunctive

ar verbs conjugate like er

er/ir vers conjugate like ar

the most irregular verbs for it

DISHES:

dar	de, des, de
ir	vaya, vayas, vaya
ser	sea, seas, sea
haber	haya, hayas, haya
estar	este, estes, este
saber	sepa, sepas, sepa

what happens to 1236 (radical changing) verbs that are AR or ER

keep their pattern in the present subjunctive (remain 1236)

what happens to 1236 (radical changing) verbs that are IR

type	rule	example
e —> ie	ie on 1236 i on 45	prefiera prefieras prefiera prefiramos prefirais prefieran
e —> i	i on all of them	pida pidas pida pidamos pidais pidan
o —> ue	ue on 1236 u on 45	duerma duermas duermas durmamos durmais duerman

6 triggers of a subjunctive

influence/desire (i want, i reccomend)

emotion (i hope, i am scared that)

doubt (i don’t think, i doubt)

probability (its possible that, maybe)

expressing future events (when, as soon as)

“even if”

can you use the subjuctive when referring to the same person (eg. i hope i get in)

NO - use the inifinitive for that (“i hope to get in”)

how do you form the imperfect subjunctive

take the 6th person preterite of the verb (even the irregulars)

change the ron to ra

conjugate as usual

eg. hablara, hablaras, hablara

uses of imperfect subjunctive

if [imp. subj.], [conditional] (eg. si tuviera mucho dinero, compraria…)

same as the present subjunctive conditions but the indicative verb was in the past timeframe (eg. ella queria que yo hiciera la tarea)

perfect/pluperfect subjunctive

perfect = haya, hayas, haya, etc + ado/ido

pluperfect = hubiera, hubieras, hubiera, etc + ado/ido

same conditions of use as all the others