All of AP World History Vocab From Unit 1-4.3

champa rice

Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season. Originally introduced into Champa from India, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift by the Champa state (as part of the tributary system.)

proto-industrialization

a set of economic changes in which people in rural areas made more goods than they could sell

filial piety

In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors.

syncretism

a blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith

polygyny

a form of marriage in which men have more than one wife

neo-confucianism

The Confucian response to Buddhism by taking Confucian and Buddhist beliefs and combining them into this. However, it is still very much Confucian in belief.

zen (chan) buddhism

Form of Mahayana Buddhism that teaches that the real truth about life comes from intuitive flashes of insight.

meritocracy

a system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement

theravada buddhism

Buddhist sect that focuses on the wisdom of the Buddha

mahayana buddhism

Buddhist sect that focuses on the compassion of the Buddha

heian period

The era in Japanese history from A.D. 794-1185, arts and writing flourished during this time

nuclear families

Social groups consisting of one or two parents and their biological, dependent children, living in a household with no other kin

tibetan buddhism

Focused on chanting. It became strongest in Tibet.

bushido

The Feudal Japanese code of honor among the warrior class.

sultan

Muslim ruler

mamluks

Rulers of Egypt; descended from Turkish slaves

muhammad

Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam.

sufis

mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, & simple life

abbasid caliphate

Descendants of the Prophet Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas, they overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate and ruled an Islamic empire from their capital in Baghdad (founded 762) from 750 to 1258.

crusades

A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia

house of wisdom

a center of learning established in Baghdad in the 800s

proselytize

to convert someone to a faith, belief, or cause

bhakti movement

An immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity.

urdu

A Persian-influenced literary form of Hindi written in Arabic characters and used as a literary language since the 1300s.

pochteca

Special merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items

city-states

a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.

matrilineal

relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the mother

mit'a system

The system recruiting workers for particularly difficult and dangerous chores that free laborers would not accept.

carpa nan

during Incan rule, this is a massive roadway system made possible by captive labor, stretched 25,00 miles

theocracy

A government controlled by religious leaders

mexica

The name given to themselves by the Aztec people

chinampas

floating Gardens made by the Aztecs.

animism

The belief that bodies of water, animals, trees, and other natural objects have spirits

waru waru

agricultural techniques of south america; combines raised beds with irrigation channels to prevent erosion

quipu

An arrangement of knotted strings on a cord, used by the Inca to record numerical information.

swahili

a bantu language with arabic words, spoken along the east african coast

kin-based networks

families governed themselves

mansa musa

Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East.

griots

A West African storyteller

bantu

The people who spread throughout Africa spreading agriculture, language, and iron.

magna carta

the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215

feudalism

nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.

manorialism

Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land.

manors

Village farms owned by a lord

serfs

Workers who were tied to the land on which they lived

primongeniture

oldest son inherits everything

bourgeoisie

the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people

estate-general

An assembly of representatives from all three of estates of social classes in France

estates

The social classes in France

little ice age

A century-long period of cool climate that began in the 1590s. Its ill effects on agriculture in northern Europe were notable.

lay investiture

a ceremony in which kings and nobles appointed church officials

great schism

the official split between the Roman Catholic and Byzantine churches that occurred in 1054

antisemitism

prejudice against Jews

humanism

a renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements

marco polo

Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.

holy roman empire

An empire established in Europe in the 10th century A.D., originally consisting mainly of lands in what is now Germany and Italy

johannes gutenberg

Invented the printing press

dante alighieri

Italian poet who wrote the Divine Comedy

medici family

powerful banking family who ruled Florence in the 1400s, patrons of the arts

monasticism

The practice of living the life of a monk

hundred year war

Series of battles between England and France over French Territories and dispute over who and how France would be ruled

maritime trade

trade on the seas and oceans that dates back almost 9,000 years ago in the *Mediterranean Basin*

rudder

the hinged plate at the back and bottom of a boat, used for steering

stern rudder

a small piece of wood in the back so that you can steer a large vessel more effectively.

magnetic compass

Chinese invention that aided navigation by showing which direction was north

junk

A very large flat-bottom sailing ship produced in the Tang and Song Empires, specially designed for long-distance commercial travel.

caravanserai

inn or rest station for caravans

flying cash

a paper currency of the Tang dynasty in China and can be considered the first banknote

astroblade

A navigational instrument used to determine latitude by measuring the position of the stars

diaspora

A dispersion of people from their homeland

spice island

Modern day Malaysia and Indonesia became known as this for nutmeg, cinnamon, cloves and cardamom exports.

Malacca (Melaka)

Port city in the modern Southeast Asian country of Malaysia, founded about 1400 as a trading center on the Strait of Malacca. (Melaka)

camel saddle

A seat for on top of a camel

trans-saharan trade

trade between peoples north and south of the Sahara

paper money

legal currency issued on paper; it developed in China as a convenient alternative to metal coins

bill of exchange

An order written by an exporter instructing an importer, or an importer's agent, to pay a specified amount of money at a specified time.

hanseatic league

an organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance.

banking house

These European innovations developed during the Middle Ages to aid trade and manage credit, checks, and bills of exchange.

kashgar

a central trading point where the Eastern and Western Silk Roads met.

samarkand

During the rule of Timur Lane was the most influential captial city, a wealthy trading center known for decorated mosques and tombs.

lateen sails

a triangular sail on a long yard at an angle of 45° to the mast.

calicut

Great spice port of India where da Gama landed and traded

gujarat

Region of western India famous for trade and manufacturing.

zheng he

(1371-1433?) Chinese naval explorer who sailed along most of the coast of Asia, Japan, and half way down the east coast of Africa before his death.

oases

Green areas fed by underground water

mongals

Barbarians from East Asia and they conquered lands from Pacific Ocean to Eastern parts of Europe

khanates

The states ruled by a khan; the four units into which Chinggis divided the Mongol Empire.

khan

Title given to Mongol leaders, meaning "supreme ruler"

kuriltai

Meeting of all Mongol chieftains at which the supreme ruler of all tribes was selected

pax mongolica

The period of approximately 150 years of relative peace and stability created by the Mongol Empire.

golden horde

a Mongolian army that swept over eastern Europe in the 13th century

il-khanate

Mongol empire that ruled over Iran (Persia) & the Middle East

yuan dynasty

Dynasty in China set up by the Mongols under the leadership of Kublai Khan, replaced the Song (1279-1368)

siege weapons

A device that is designed to break or circumvent city walls and other fortifications such as a castle

white lotus society

Secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty in China; typical of peasant resistance to Mongol rule

chagatai khanate

Mongol empire in Central Asia between the Il-khanate in Persia & the Yuan Dynasty in China

yasa

unified Mongol law code, created by Temujin

paisa

Name the Mongolian item that gave a traveler permission to travel through a region

yurt

a tent of Central Asia's nomads

ming dynasty

A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia