L2_TCP/IP AND OSI MODEL

Interface Message Processor

early predecessors of modern routers (old router)

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

ARPANET, IMPs would be connected to each other to communicate

network control protocol

early protocols used on the ARPANET

Network Control Protocol

manage and control the transmission of data between computers on the ARPANET

lack of flexibility, scalability issues, inefficient error handling, limited addressing

What are the 4 NCP limitations?

lack of flexibility

LCP limitation: designed for point-to-point communication and cannot support multiple types of network comms

Scalability issues

LCP limitation: unable to accommodate the growing number of hosts and networks on the ARPANET

Inefficient error handling

LCP limitation: inefficient transmission and retransmission of data packets in case of errors or failures

Limited addressing

LCP limitation: inability to route packets effectively across different networks

Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol

overcame the limitations of the NCP and became the foundation of the Internet

Application layer, Transport layer, internet layer, Network access

The TCP/IP originally has four layers which are?

Application layer, Transport layer, Network layer, Data link layer, Physical layer

The updated TCP/IP nowadays has these layers:

Open Systems Interconnections

system is like a blueprint for how networks should work, and it breaks down the communication process into different parts or layers

True

OSI is a framework that describes how communication should take place for each layer, and the OSI model is there for us to better understand the network.

Application layer, Presentation layer, Session layer, Transport layer

Upper layers of open system interconnections which handle software applications and how these applications can communicate

network layer, data link layer, and physical layer

Lower layers of open system interconnections which manage data transmission across the network

Application Layer

Provides services to applications and defines protocols for communication between them (http, ftp, smtp)

Presentation Layer

Handles data representation, encryption and decryption, and compression.

Session Layer

Establishes, maintains, and ends communication between applications on different devices

Transport Layer

Provides reliable end-to-end data transmission between applications on different

devices.

Transmission Control Protocol

reliable because it is connection oriented, ensures that all data is received CORRECTLY, however, transmitting data is SLOWER

User Datagram Protocol

connectionless, but it is FASTER, NOT GUARANTEED data accuracy

Network Layer

Determines the best path for data to travel to the right network destination (logical addressing, packet forwarding, routing, packet fragmentation and reassembly)

Data Link Layer

Provides reliable data transmission between devices on the local area network (physical addressing, ethernet, error detection and correction)

Physical Layer

Responsible for transmitting data over the physical medium (physical media, physical topology, data encoding)