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Newton's First Law
Inertia: Every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force.
Newton's Second Law
Force = mass * acceleration
Newton's Third Law
for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Example: If object A acts a force upon object B, then object B will exert an opposite yet equal force upon object A.
7 types of forces
1) Weight (W)
2) Applied Force (Fapp)
3) Normal Force (N)
4) Tension (T)
5) Frictional Force (Ffrict)
6) Spring Force (Fspring)
7) Air Resistance (Fair)
Applied Force
Force which is applied to an object by another object. A person pushing a barrel is an example of applied force.
Weight
The force with which a body is attracted to Earth or another celestial body and which is equal to the product of the object's mass and the acceleration of gravity. A measure of the heaviness of an object.
Normal Force
the force that surfaces exert to prevent solid objects from passing through each other. Normal force is a contact force. If two surfaces are not in contact, they can't exert a normal force on each other.
Tension
the force transmitted through a rope, string or wire when pulled by forces acting from opposite sides. The tension force is directed over the length of the wire and pulls energy equally on the bodies at the ends.
Frictional Force
the force generated by two surfaces that contact and slide against each other
Spring Force
the force that tends to retract the spring back to its original position. This force is called the spring force. It is a contact force that can be found in elastic materials
Air Resistance
the forces that are in opposition to the relative motion of an object as it passes through the air. These drag forces act opposite to the oncoming flow velocity, thus slowing the object down
3 types of acceleration
uniform acceleration, non-uniform acceleration, and average acceleration
uniform or constant acceleration
change of equal velocity in equal intervals of time
non-uniform acceleration
the velocity of a body does not change at a constant rate in a given interval of time
average acceleration
the rate at which velocity changes
Gravity
a force of attraction that tends to draw particles or bodies together. Anything that goes up must come down
heat
the form of energy that is transferred between two materials of different temperature
Motion
the phenomenon in which an object changes its position with respect to time
Centripetal force
a force that acts on a body moving in a circular path and is directed toward the center around which the body is moving.
Work
force x displacement/distance
measure of energy transfer that occurs when an object is moved over a distance by an external force
Displacement
the change in position of an object
Energy
the ability to do work
Momentum
product of the mass of a particle and its velocity
Mass x Velocity
Magnetism
the motion of electric charges
the force exerted by magnets when they attract or repel each other
electricity
phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electric charges
Refraction
the bending of a wave of light when it enters a medium of a different speed