Unit 2 Vocab

Ions

Atoms that gain or lose electrons

Element

Pure substance made up of one type of atom

Molecules

Form when 2 or more atoms join; typically held together by covalent bonds

Compounds

Form when two or more DIFFERENT elements join

Ionic Bonds

Form when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to the next

Covalent Bonds

The electrons are shared by atoms and travel around both nuclei

Polar

Electrons are NOT shared equally

Nonpolar

Electrons are shared equally

Hydrogen Bond

A bond between hydrogen and another atom on a different MOLECULE

Cohesion

Attraction between the same type of molecule

Adhesion

Attraction between two different kinds of molecules

Heat Capacity

Amount of heat required to raise 1ml of a substance 1℃

Acid

Forms H+ ions in solutions (below 7pH)

Base

Forms OH- ions in solutions (above 7pH)

Monosaccharides

Molecules made up of only one sugar molecule

Glycoproteins

Proteins with sugars attached

Hydrophobic

Water fearing

Hydrophilic

Water loving

Enzymes

Protein that helps chemical reactions happen faster

Insulin

A protein hormone that controls blood sugar

Hormone

Chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body

Exothermic

A reaction that is energy releasing, usually in the form of heat and/or light

Endothermic

A reaction that is energy absorbing, usually cools its surroundings

Activation energy

The energy needed to start a chemical reaction that does not start on its own

Catalyst

Anything that speeds up a reaction

Solute

Substance that is dissolved within another substance

Solvent

A substance that dissolves another substance.