Unit 2 Vocab

  1. Ions- Atoms that gain or lose electrons

  2. Element- Pure substance made up of one type of atom

  3. Molecules- Form when 2 or more atoms join; Typically held together by covalent bonds

  4. Compounds- form when two or more DIFFERENT elements join

  5. Ionic Bonds- Form when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to the next

  6. Covalent Bonds- The electrons are shared by atoms and travel around both nuclei

  7. Polar- electrons are NOT shared equally

  8. Nonpolar- electrons are shared equally

  9. Hydrogen Bond- a bond between hydrogen and another atom on a different MOLECULE

  10. Cohesion- Attraction between the same type of molecule

  11. Adhesion- Attraction between two different kinds of molecules

  12. Heat Capacity- Amount of heat required to raise 1ml of a substance 1℃

  13. Acid- Forms H+ ions in solutions (below 7pH)

  14. Base- Forms OH- ions in solutions (above 7pH)

  15. Monosaccharides- Molecules made up of only one sugar molecule

  16. Glycoproteins- proteins with sugars attached

  17. Hydrophobic- water fearing

  18. Hydrophilic- water loving

  19. Enzymes- Protein that helps chemical reactions happen faster

  20. Insulin- A protein hormone that controls blood sugar

  21. Hormone- chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body

  22. Exothermic- a reaction that is energy releasing, usually in the form of heat and/or light

  23. Endothermic- a reaction that is energy absorbing, usually cools its surroundings

  24. Activation energy- the energy needed to start a chemical reaction that does not start on its own

  25. Catalyst- Anything that speeds up a reaction

  26. Solute- substance that is dissolved within another substance

  27. Solvent- a substance that dissolves another substance.