BYU AP Psych Part 2 Final Exam

A prototype is a

best example of a particular category

An algorithm is a

methodical step by step procedure for solving problems

Some people are unable to arrange six matches to form four equilaterla triangles because they fail to consider a three dimesional arrangement.

fixations

The smallest distinctive sound unit of language is a

phoneme

In order to combine words into grammatically sensible sentences, one needs to adhere to the proper rules of

Syntax

It is difficult to explain language acquisition solely in terms of imitation and reinforcement because children

over-generalize grammatical rules, producing speech errors they have never heard before.

In the process of classifying objects, people are especially likely to make use of

prototypes

The inability to take a new perspective on a problem is called a

fixation

Joan forgot to bring a pillow on the camping trip, so she spent a very uncomfortable and restless night. Unfortunately, she never of using her down-filled jacket as a pillow. Joan's oversight best illustrates

functional fixedness.

Morphemes are

the smallest speech units that carry meaning.

Noam Chomsky has emphasized that acquisition of language by children facilitated

An unborn readiness to learn grammatical rules.

Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that

language determines the way we think.

For the original version of the stanford-Binet, IQ was defined as

mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100.

During the world war I eara, the us government developed intelligence tests to evaluate newly arriving immigrants. For most proponents of the eugenics movement, inferior test scores were viewed as reflecting the immigrants'

innate mental abilities.

Achievement tests are designed to

assess learning knowledge or skills.

Psychologists measure the correlation between aptitude test scores and school grades in order to assess the _____of the aptitude test.

validity.

Fixed patterns of behavior characteristics of a species and developed without practices are called

instincts

Mr. Porter believes that aggression is an unlearned behavior characteristic of all children. He obviously believe that aggression is an

Instincts.

For a hungry person, the consumption of food serves to

maintain homeostasis.

The problem-solving abilities of forest-dwelling chimpanzees are best illustrated by their naturally developed use of

hand tools

A 12 year old who responded to the original stanford-binet with the proficency typical of an average 9 year old was said to have an IQ of

75

Factor analysis is a statistical procedure used to

identify clusters of closely related test items

The written exam for a driver's license would most likely be considered an

achievement.

The similarity between the intelligence test scores of identical twins raised apart is

greater than that between ordinary siblings reared together.

Instinctive behavior is

unlearned

Homeostasis refers to

the body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state.

For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce

a drive.

According to Maslow, our need for _____ must be met before we are prompted to satisfy our need for _____.

adequate clothing; self-esteem.

Destruction of the _____ causes an animal to _____

ventromedial hypothalamus; overeat.

After two days without, Myra is very hungry. At this time it is likely that her blood glucose level is ____ and her blood insulin level is ____.

low; high.

Mark's intrinsic motivation to play baseball in college is most likley to be reduced when his attention is focused on

playing well enough to secure an athletic scholarship.

The basic components of emotion are

expressive behaviors, physiological arousal, and conscious experience.

In which country are people most likely to convey obvious facial expression of their inner feelings?

Australia

The general adaptation Syndrome describes stages in the

Body's response to prolonged Stress.

the attribution theory was designed to account for

how people explain other's behavior.

The most basic or lowest-level need in Maslow's hierarchy of human motives includes the need for

food and drink.

Dr. Milosz electrically stimulates the lateral hypothalamus of a well-fed laboratory rat. This procedure is likely to

Cause the rat to begin eating.

Destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamus of a rat is most likely to

facilitate conversion of its blood glucose to fat.

The universally understandable language of human emotion consists of

facial expression

The term "catharsis" refers to emotional

release.

In their classic 9 year study, Friedman and Rosenman reported that, compared to Type A men, Type B men were ____ susceptible to _____.

Less; heart attacks.

An example of the fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others' behavior is influenced by

social roles.

Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths

even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect.

The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the

"teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to severe stress.

Deindividuation refers to

A loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.

Which of the following proverbs is most clearly supported by research on social attraction?

Birds of a feather flock together.

The bystander effect refers to the tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the

Emergency is being observed by a number of other people.

When 2-year old Lisa was told she would get no dessert until she finished the food on her plate, she threw her plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freid would have suggested that Lisa was unable to resist the demands of her

Id.

According to Freud, the personality system that represents our sense of right and wrong and our ideal standards is the

Superego.

According to Freud, during the period between age 6 and puberty children

Experience very little sexual interest.

Theories proposing that emotions result from the interpretation and labeling of physiological arousal are known as

Two-Factor Theories of Emotion

The tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors such as personality traits rather than external factors is called

Fundamental Attribution Error

The concept that people are more likely to comply with a request after they have agreed to comply with a smaller request is known as the

Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon

The phenomenon where individuals exert less effort in a group task because they believe their individual contribution is not crucial is called

Social Loafing

The tendency for people to perform better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when in the presence of others is known as

Social Facilitation