Studied by 1 personA prototype is a
best example of a particular category
An algorithm is a
methodical step by step procedure for solving problems
Some people are unable to arrange six matches to form four equilaterla triangles because they fail to consider a three dimesional arrangement.
fixations
The smallest distinctive sound unit of language is a
phoneme
In order to combine words into grammatically sensible sentences, one needs to adhere to the proper rules of
Syntax
It is difficult to explain language acquisition solely in terms of imitation and reinforcement because children
over-generalize grammatical rules, producing speech errors they have never heard before.
In the process of classifying objects, people are especially likely to make use of
prototypes
The inability to take a new perspective on a problem is called a
fixation
Joan forgot to bring a pillow on the camping trip, so she spent a very uncomfortable and restless night. Unfortunately, she never of using her down-filled jacket as a pillow. Joan's oversight best illustrates
functional fixedness.
Morphemes are
the smallest speech units that carry meaning.
Noam Chomsky has emphasized that acquisition of language by children facilitated
An unborn readiness to learn grammatical rules.
Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that
language determines the way we think.
For the original version of the stanford-Binet, IQ was defined as
mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100.
During the world war I eara, the us government developed intelligence tests to evaluate newly arriving immigrants. For most proponents of the eugenics movement, inferior test scores were viewed as reflecting the immigrants'
innate mental abilities.
Achievement tests are designed to
assess learning knowledge or skills.
Psychologists measure the correlation between aptitude test scores and school grades in order to assess the _____of the aptitude test.
validity.
Fixed patterns of behavior characteristics of a species and developed without practices are called
instincts
Mr. Porter believes that aggression is an unlearned behavior characteristic of all children. He obviously believe that aggression is an
Instincts.
For a hungry person, the consumption of food serves to
maintain homeostasis.
The problem-solving abilities of forest-dwelling chimpanzees are best illustrated by their naturally developed use of
hand tools
A 12 year old who responded to the original stanford-binet with the proficency typical of an average 9 year old was said to have an IQ of
75
Factor analysis is a statistical procedure used to
identify clusters of closely related test items
The written exam for a driver's license would most likely be considered an
achievement.
The similarity between the intelligence test scores of identical twins raised apart is
greater than that between ordinary siblings reared together.
Instinctive behavior is
unlearned
Homeostasis refers to
the body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state.
For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce
a drive.
According to Maslow, our need for _____ must be met before we are prompted to satisfy our need for _____.
adequate clothing; self-esteem.
Destruction of the _____ causes an animal to _____
ventromedial hypothalamus; overeat.
After two days without, Myra is very hungry. At this time it is likely that her blood glucose level is ____ and her blood insulin level is ____.
low; high.
Mark's intrinsic motivation to play baseball in college is most likley to be reduced when his attention is focused on
playing well enough to secure an athletic scholarship.
The basic components of emotion are
expressive behaviors, physiological arousal, and conscious experience.
In which country are people most likely to convey obvious facial expression of their inner feelings?
Australia
The general adaptation Syndrome describes stages in the
Body's response to prolonged Stress.
the attribution theory was designed to account for
how people explain other's behavior.
The most basic or lowest-level need in Maslow's hierarchy of human motives includes the need for
food and drink.
Dr. Milosz electrically stimulates the lateral hypothalamus of a well-fed laboratory rat. This procedure is likely to
Cause the rat to begin eating.
Destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamus of a rat is most likely to
facilitate conversion of its blood glucose to fat.
The universally understandable language of human emotion consists of
facial expression
The term "catharsis" refers to emotional
release.
In their classic 9 year study, Friedman and Rosenman reported that, compared to Type A men, Type B men were ____ susceptible to _____.
Less; heart attacks.
An example of the fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others' behavior is influenced by
social roles.
Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths
even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect.
The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the
"teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to severe stress.
Deindividuation refers to
A loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.
Which of the following proverbs is most clearly supported by research on social attraction?
Birds of a feather flock together.
The bystander effect refers to the tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the
Emergency is being observed by a number of other people.
When 2-year old Lisa was told she would get no dessert until she finished the food on her plate, she threw her plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freid would have suggested that Lisa was unable to resist the demands of her
Id.
According to Freud, the personality system that represents our sense of right and wrong and our ideal standards is the
Superego.
According to Freud, during the period between age 6 and puberty children
Experience very little sexual interest.
Theories proposing that emotions result from the interpretation and labeling of physiological arousal are known as
Two-Factor Theories of Emotion
The tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors such as personality traits rather than external factors is called
Fundamental Attribution Error
The concept that people are more likely to comply with a request after they have agreed to comply with a smaller request is known as the
Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon
The phenomenon where individuals exert less effort in a group task because they believe their individual contribution is not crucial is called
Social Loafing
The tendency for people to perform better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when in the presence of others is known as
Social Facilitation
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