Planning - the budgetary process makes managers consider future plans carefully, so
that realistic targets can be set.
Effective allocation of resources - budgets can be an effective way of making sure
that the business does not spend more resources than it has access to.
Setting targets to be achieved - most people work better if they have a realizable target at which to aim. This motivation will be greater if the budget holder or the cost-centre manager and profit-centre manager has been given some delegated accountability for setting and reaching budget levels.
Coordination - discussion about the allocation of resources Co different departments
and divisions requires coordination between these departments. Once budgets have been agreed, people will have to work effectively together if targets set are to be achieved.
Monitoring and controlling - plans cannot be ignored once in place. There is a need to check regularly that the objective is still within reach. All kinds of conditions may change and businesses cannot afford to assume that everything is fine.
Modifying - if there is evidence to suggest that the objective cannot be reached and
that the budget is unrealistic, then either the plan or the way of working towards it must be changed.
Assessing performance - once the budgeted period has ended, variance analysis will
be used to compare actual performance with the original budgets.
Stages in setting budgets
Setting budget levels
Lack of flexibility
Too focused on the short term
Lead to unnecessary spending
Training needs must be met
Revised budgets may need to be set for new projects
Cost centre: section of a business, such as a department, to which costs can be allocated or charged.
Profit centre: section of a business to which both costs and revenues can be allocated.