Calvin Cycle

purpose of Calvin cycle

convert Co2 and energy from ATP and NADPH into glucose

where does the Calvin cycle occur

stroma of the chloroplast

Inputs of Calvin Cycle

CO2, ATP, NADPH

output of Calvin Cycle

glucose, ADP, NADP

Equation for Calvin cycle

6CO2 + 12NADPH + 10H2O + 18ATP →2G3P + 12NADP+ + 18ADP

How does the Calvin cycle create glucose?

using substrates from light-dependent reactions and CO2 in air

the Calvin cycle is...

light independent reactions

3 phases of calvin cycle

carbon fixation, reduction, regeneration

Carbon fixation

CO2 from the atmosphere+ RuBP--> 3 unstable 6-carbon molecules (they break) --> 6 molecules of 3PGA

enzyme that catalyzes carbon fixation

Rubisco

first stable intermediate

3-PGA

reduction

ATP and NADPH provide energy to convert three 3-PGA --> six G3P

regeneration pt 1

1 G3P exists the cycle (used to make glucose) and 5 remain

regeneration pt 2

ATP provides energy to rearrange 5 G3P--> 3 RuBP

how many turn of the Calvin cycle make 1 molecule of glucose

6 turns

photorespiration

oxidizing RuBP

rubisco can either reduce CO2 or oxidize RuBP

CO2 and O2 compete for active site of rubisco

C3 plants

only use Calvin Cycle to fix carbon

C4 plants

- use Calvin cycle and PEP carboxylase

- allow for storage of CO2

Bundle sheath cells in C4 plants

store CO2 in one cell and decarboxylase in an adjacent cell

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants

- use Calvin cycle and PEP carboxylase

- allows for storage of CO2

stomata of what plants close during the day and open at night?

CAM plants