Untitled Flashcards Set

Selective Incorporation

The doctrine that the Bill of Rights is applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.

2nd Amendment

Protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms.

NRA

National Rifle Association; founded in 1871 to promote rifle shooting in the U.S.

Gun Show Loophole

A legal gap allowing private sellers at gun shows to sell firearms without background checks.

Charleston Loophole

Allows gun sales to proceed after three business days if the background check has not been completed.

Bruen Test

Recognized for the first time the individual right to carry firearms.

Red Flag Laws

Allow courts to intervene to temporarily prevent someone in crisis from accessing firearms.

4th Amendment

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without a warrant.

Exclusionary Rule

Prevents the government from using evidence obtained in violation of the Constitution.

NJ v. TLO

Established that reasonable suspicion is sufficient for school searches.

Reasonable Suspicion

A legal standard requiring a reasonable basis to believe a crime could have occurred.

9th Amendment

Protects rights not specifically enumerated in the Constitution from being denied.

Griswold v. Connecticut

Supreme Court decision protecting marital privacy regarding contraception.

Roe v. Wade

Supreme Court ruling that established a woman's legal right to have an abortion.

Undue Burden Test

A legal standard to determine if abortion restrictions violate constitutional rights.

Pro-Choice

A movement advocating for women's access to legal abortion options.

Pro-Life

A movement opposing abortion, advocating for the rights of the unborn.

5th Amendment

Prevents self-incrimination and ensures due process of law.

Self-Incrimination Clause

Protects individuals from being compelled to testify against themselves.

6th Amendment

Guarantees the rights of criminal defendants, including a fair trial and legal counsel.

Public Trial

A trial that is open to the public.

Gideon v. Wainwright

Supreme Court case that ruled the right to counsel is fundamental.

Miranda Rule

Requires law enforcement to inform individuals of their rights during arrest.

8th Amendment

Prohibits excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishments.

DC v. Heller

Supreme Court case affirming an individual's right to possess a firearm for self-defense.