Cerebral Hemispheres: Basal Ganglion

What parts of the basal ganglion are in the cerebral hemispheres?

caudate, putamen, globus pallidus

What is the basal ganglia?

collection of nuclei in brain, mostly motor

Where are the other 2 parts of the basal ganglia?

brainstem

Where is the hippocampus located?

medial temporal lobe

What is the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere?

internal capsule

external capsule

extreme capsule

What is a capsule?

bottleneck of white matter

What is the most common capsule damaged with capsular stroke?

internal capsule

What is the bend in the internal capsule called?

genu

Anterior limb of internal capsule connects what?

lentiform + caudate nucleu

cortex w/ corpus striatum (basal ganglion)

frontal lobe to pons

Anterior 2/3rds of Posterior limb of the internal capsule contain what kind of fibers

corticospinal +corticobulbar from BA 4

Posterior 1/3rd of Posterior limb of internal capsule contains? Where are the fibers going

sensory fibers from thalamus and medial lemniscus

optic radiation fibers (from LGN to occipital)'

acoustic fibers (from MGN to temporal)

fibers from occipital + temporal to pons

Damage to posterior limb on one side would cause?

(all contralateral)

spastic paralysis

anesthesia

visual field loss (homonymous)

hearing problems

What are the only ventricles that are paired?

lateral ventricles

Where is the lateral ventricle located? (by part)

anterior horn: frontal lobe

body: parietal lobe

posterior horn: occipital lobe

inferior horn: temporal lobe

What is the trigone?

where body, posterior horn, and inferior horn meet on lateral ventricle

Where is the caudate located?

above thalamus and lateral to lateral ventricle?

What is lateral to the lateral ventricle?

caudate

What is medial to the caudate?

lateral ventricle

What is the caudate apart of?

basal ganglion

The head of the caudate is lateral to what?

anterior horn of lateral ventricle

anterior horn of lateral ventricle is medial to what?

head of caudate

Th body of caudate is lateral to what?

body of lateral ventricle

body of lateral ventricle is medial to what?

body of caudate

Tail of caudate is superior to what?

inferior horn of lateral ventricle

inferior horn of lateral ventricle is inferior to what?

tail of caudate

The anterior limb of internal capsule is lateral to what?

head of caudate

the posterior limb of internal capsule is lateral to what?

thalamus

the head of caudate is medial to?

anterior limb of internal capsule

the thalamus is medial to?

posterior limb of internal capsule

Globus pallidus consists of

medial and lateral pallidum

What is lateral to the internal capsule?

medial pallidum

What is medial to medial palladium/globus pallidus?

internal capsule

What is lateral to the globus pallidus

putamen

What connects to the head of the caudate?

putamen

What is medial to the putamen?

globus pallidus

Where is the amygdala located?

in front of the hippocampus

What makes up the lentiform nucleus?

putamen + globus pallidus

What makes up the neostriatum?

putamen + caudate

What makes up the corpus striatum?

putamen + caudate + globus pallidus

What is the hippocampus?

continuation of grey matter of parahippocampal gyrus (it IS cortex and has 6 layers)

What is rostral to the hippocampus?

amygdala

What makes up the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle?

hippocampus

What is the fornix?

bundles of efferent fibers that leave hippocampus and run to mammillary nuclei of hypothalamus

What does the fornix indirectly connect to and how?

anterior thalamic nuclei via mammilothalamic tract

What is the suspected function of the fornix?

recall memory, remembering long term info of past events

What does the fornix touch posteriorly?

corpus callosum

All fibers of the posterior limb of internal capsule are traveling up and down except?

visual and auditory (traveling side to side)

Are cranial nerves upper or lower motor neurons?

lower motor neurons

If you cut optic radiatons after chiasm, what do you get?

contralesional homonymous hemianopsia

Cutting optic radiations after chiasm will give you the same presentation as?

if the LGN is damaged