World History Chapter 19 section 1 Spain Chapter 19 Sec 2 The Tudors: England's Infamous Royal Dynasty

Philip II

Charles V's son who was given Spain, the Netherlands, southern Italy, Spain's overseas empire, and ruled as an absolute monarch.

Catholicism

What did Phillip II want to bring back to Europe?

Aragonese Rebellion

A coup started because of the influence Phillip II brought to Castille.

Protestants, Marranos, and Moriscos

Philip II supported the Inquisition's efforts to uproot the heresies believed to exist among these groups.

Marranos

Jews who converted to Christianity

Moriscos

Muslims who became Christians

Phillip II tried to impose Catholicism on them (Dutch Protestants).

Why did the Netherlands declare their independence from Spain in 1581?

Philip II sends the Spanish Armada to England because Elizabeth I backed the Dutch Protestants & England was a protestant country.

What led Phillip II to send the Spanish Armada to England?

130

How many ships were used in the Spanish Armada?

33,000

How many men were in the Spanish Armada?

Storms in the North Sea and England's smaller & faster fire ships

What caused the Spanish Armada to fail?

Charles II

Who was the last Spanish Hapsburg heir?

European monarchs fought over the throne because Charles II did not have an heir.

What did Charles II' death result in?

Costly wars, inflation, industry & agricultural decline, excessive tax on the middle class, and the expulsion of skilled artisans & merchants who were Jewish or Muslim.

What factors caused the decline of Spain as a European power?

Absolutism

unlimited power placed in the hands of the monarch and his or her advisers.

Divine Right

political idea that monarchs receive their power directly from God and are responsible to God alone for their actions.

Armada

a fleet of warships

Inflation

An abnormal increase in currency that results in sharp price rises.

Tudor Dynasty

Ruling family of England from 1485 to 1603.

Wars of the Roses

Civil war between Lancaster and York families.

Henry VII

First Tudor king, united warring families through marriage.

Battle of Bosworth Field

Decisive battle where Henry VII defeated Richard III.

Elizabeth of York

Henry VII's wife, symbolized unity of two houses.

Henry VIII

Second Tudor king, known for six marriages.

Church of England

Established by Henry VIII after breaking from Catholicism.

Catherine of Aragon

First wife of Henry VIII, mother of Mary I.

Anne Boleyn

Second wife of Henry VIII, mother of Elizabeth I.

Jane Seymour

Third wife of Henry VIII, gave birth to Edward VI.

Anne of Cleves

Fourth wife of Henry VIII, marriage annulled quickly.

Catherine Howard

Fifth wife of Henry VIII, executed for infidelity.

Catherine Parr

Last wife of Henry VIII, survived him and reunited children.

Edward VI

Son of Henry VIII, became king at nine. Was referred to as the Boy King.

Lady Jane Grey

Claimed throne after Edward VI, ruled for nine days.

Mary I

First queen regnant of England, known as 'Bloody Mary'. She took the thrown from Lady Jane Grey.

Philip II of Spain

Mary I's husband, unpopular due to Spanish alliance.

Elizabeth I

Last Tudor monarch, known as 'The Virgin Queen'.

Spanish Armada

Naval fleet defeated by Elizabeth I in 1588.

Elizabethan Renaissance

Cultural flourishing during Elizabeth I's reign.

Protestant Reformation

Religious movement leading to establishment of Protestantism.

Bloody Mary

Nickname for Mary I due to her persecutions.

Stuart Dynasty

James VI of Scotland, succeeded the Tudor dynasty after Elizabeth I's death to begin this dynasty.