1B.2 - Functions of the blood

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19 Terms

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Cardiovascular system

The mass transport system of the body made up of a series of vessels with a pump (the heart) to move blood through the vessels

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Circulation

The passage of blood through the blood vessles

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Active transport

The movement of substances into or out of the cell using ATP produced during cellular respiration

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Buffer

A solution which resists changes in pH

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Leukocytes

White blood cells - There are several different types which play different important roles in defending the body against the entry of pathogens and in the immune system

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Platelets

Cell fragments involved in the clotting mechanism of the blood

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Megakaryocytes

Large cells that are found in the bone marrow and produce platelets

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Oxyhaemoglobin

The molecule formed when oxygen binds to haemoglobin

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Carbaminohaemoglobin

The molecule formed when carbon dioxide combines with haemoglobin

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Carbonic anhydrase

The enzyme that controls the rate if the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to produce carbonic acid

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Bohr effect

The name given to changes in the oxygen dissociation curve of haemoglobin that occur due to a rise in carbon dioxide levels and a reduction of the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen

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Fetal haemoglobin

A form of haemoglobin found only in the developing fetus

  • Has a higher affinity for oxygen than adult haemoglobin

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Seritonin

A chemical that causes the smooth muscle of the blood vessels to contract - This narrows them which cuts off the blood flow to the damaged area

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Thrompboplastin

An enzyme which activates/catalyses the protein prothrombin. This starts the chain of biological reactions which leads to the formation of blood clots

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Thrombin

An enzyme which acts on Fibrinogen, converting it to fibrin during clot formation

  • Soluble

  • Active

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Precursor

A biologically inactive molecule which can be converted into a closely related biologically active molecule when needed

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Fibrinogen

A plasma protein which is the precursor of the protein Fibrin

  • Soluble

  • Active

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Fibrin

A protein formed from fibrinogen by the action of thrombin that forms a mesh of fibres that trap erythrocytes and platelets to form a blood clot

  • Insoluble

  • Active

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