Forebrain (Fxn/Strokes/Syndromes)

What signs/symptoms are characteristic of cortical injury?

aphasia, agnosia, anosognosia, primitive reflexes: grasp, snout, suck, root, magnetic gait, astereognosia, apraxia, contralateral neglect

Deficits in left inferior division MCA stroke?

receptive aphasia, CL pie in the sky hemianopsia

Deficits in left superior division MCA stroke?

expressive aphasia, CL UMN signs [face + UL], CL sensory loss [face + UL]

Deficits in right MCA main stem stroke?

CL UMN signs [face, UL + LL], CL sensory loss [face, UL + LL]

Deficits in left PCA stroke?

CL homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparing

Deficits in left ACA stroke?

CL UMN signs [LL], frontal lobe signs

Deficits in anterior choroidal artery stroke?

CL UMN signs, CL homonymous hemianopsia

Deficits in lentriculostriate artery hemorrhage?

CL UMN signs, CL lower facial paralysis, tongue deviates away from lesion

Blood supply to thalamus?

posterior cerebral [thalamogeniculate + thalamoperforating]

Signs of thalamic hemorrhage?

CL sensory loss, CL homonymous hemianopsia

Signs of tonsillar herniation?

respiratory and cardiovascular arrest

Signs of uncal herniation?

CN III palsy, UMN signs, papilledema

Structure injured in contralateral neglect?

right parietal lobe

Signs of Gerstman's syndrome?

acalulia, left-right confusion, finger agnosia; left parietal lobe

Structure damaged in alexia without agraphia?

left splenium of corpus callosum

Where is Broca's area? Function?

left inferior frontal gyrus; expressive speech

Where is Wernicke's area? Function?

left supramarginal, angular, superior temporal gyri; receptive speech

Signs of conduction aphasia?

normal comprehension and fluent speech; impaired repetition

Aphasia type in a patient who is fluent, cannot comprehend or repeat?

Wernicke's

Aphasia type in a patient who is not fluent, can comprehend but cannot repeat?

Broca's

Aphasia type in a patient who is fluent, can comprehend but cannot repeat?

Conduction

Aphasia type in a patient who is not fluent, cannot comprehend or repeat?

Global

Structures implicated in obsessive compulsive disorder?

Basal nuclei, cingulate gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, raphe nuclei

Structures implicated in schizophrenia?

limbic system, frontal lobe, basal nuclei