Media Law Final

Privacy of autonomy

Privacy of autonomy

Individuals have the freedom to make their own choices and decisions.

Privacy of space

Refers to a physical zone of privacy free from intrusions by others.

Privacy of information

Involves certain facts and data about oneself that should not be accessible to others.

Appropriation of likeness

Using a person's name or image for commercial gain without permission.

Intrusion upon solitude

Infringing on an individual's private life without consent.

Public disclosure of private facts

Revealing private information that is expected to remain confidential.

False light

Publishing material that portrays an individual inaccurately.

Legitimate public concern

Material that holds social value and pertains to a person's private life or public figure status.

Shield laws

State statutes protecting journalists' confidentiality of sources.

Journalist definition

Engages in investigative reporting, gathers news, and intends to make news public.

Legal obscenity

Material that meets specific criteria regarding sexual content and social value.

Variable obscenity

Materials not obscene for adults but could be deemed obscene if accessible to children.

Trademark fair use

Lawful use of trademarked images through royalties, licenses, or in parodies and news reporting.

Central Hudson Test

Criteria for regulating advertising, including state interest, advancement, and regulation fit.

FTC false advertising

Representation, omission, or practice likely to mislead consumers, considered from a reasonable consumer perspective.

FTC actions

Voluntary compliance, consent agreement, corrective advertising, and injunctions against false advertising.

First Amendment protection

Varies across print, radio, TV broadcasts, cable/satellite, and the Internet, with print having the most protection.

Internet

Possesses First Amendment rights comparable to print media, allowing for freedom of expression and speech online.

FCC’s “safe harbor” time period

Refers to the timeframe between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. where indecent or profane language can be broadcasted on public TV or radio without penalty, aiming to protect young viewers. Broadcasting such content outside this period can lead to fines and potential licensing issues.

Spectrum scarcity

Concept within FCC regulation indicating a limited number of frequencies available for broadcasting compared to the demand, prompting the need for government oversight.

World War I and World War II impact on radio technology

Wars necessitated radio regulation due to the government's requirement for specific airwaves for military use, leading to the need for broadcasting rules.

Radio Act of 1927

Legislation establishing the Federal Radio Commission, later evolving into the FCC, to regulate the growing radio industry in the public interest.

Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)

Enacted in 1998, mandates websites targeting children under 13 to obtain parental consent before collecting personal information, aiming to safeguard children's online privacy.

Federal Communication Act of 1934

Established the FCC and the regulatory framework for U.S. broadcasting, shaping the oversight of communication networks.

Communications Decency Act (1996)

Legislation restructuring telecommunication regulations, criminalizing the transmission of indecent material over public computer networks, later deemed unconstitutional due to its restrictions on free speech.

Wireless Ship Act of 1910

Required large vessels to carry wireless transmitters and relay messages, enhancing maritime communication and safety.

Children Online Protection Act (COPA) and Children Internet’s Protection Act (CIPA)

Laws aimed at protecting minors online, with COPA focusing on harmful material transmission and CIPA requiring filters in public libraries, both facing challenges due to broadness and free speech concerns.