PSY 342 Exam 4; Chapter 13-15 + 10 From Each Chapter

(Lack of) Role of Genes in Differences in Health

Health disparities between cultural groups are largely due to environmental, cultural, and social factors, not genetic ones.

Acquired Physical Variation

Differences in physical traits caused by the environment rather than genetics.

Epidemiological Paradox

Phenomenon where some immigrant groups show better health outcomes than expected based on low socioeconomic status (SES).

French Paradox

The observation that despite a diet high in fat, the French have lower rates of heart disease due to cultural habits.

Consequences of SES

Lower socioeconomic status leads to higher stress, worse nutrition, and limited access to healthcare.

Lack of Control and Health

Feeling powerless or lacking autonomy increases stress which worsens health.

Relative Deprivation

Feeling disadvantaged compared to others can cause stress and lead to poor health outcomes.

Culture-Bound Syndrome

Mental health conditions unique to a particular culture, shaped by local beliefs.

Universal Syndrome

Mental illnesses that occur across cultures but differ in expression and diagnosis.

Cultural Competence

The ability of mental health professionals to understand and respect clients' cultural backgrounds.

Voodoo Death

Death resulting from extreme fear or belief in curses, influenced by cultural beliefs.

Somatization

Expressing psychological distress as physical symptoms.

Psychologization

Expressing distress in emotional or psychological terms.

Social Loafing

The tendency for individuals to put in less effort when working in a group.

Social Striving

The tendency for individuals to work harder in groups to support collective goals.

Types of Leaders

Differences in leadership styles emphasized by culture, including collaboration, hierarchy, and charisma.

Principle of Need

Resources are distributed to those who need them most.

Principle of Equality

Everyone receives the same amount of resources, regardless of input or need.

Principle of Equity

Rewards are based on individual contribution or merit.

Seniority System

Rewards are given based on the length of service or age.

Just World Belief

The belief that people get what they deserve, which can justify inequality.

Altruistic Punishment

Punishing those who break group rules at a personal cost to uphold fairness.

Antisocial Punishment

Punishing someone who cooperates or plays fair due to envy or revenge.

Distributive Justice

Cultural rules for how resources should be shared, involving principles of need, equality, and equity.

Meritocracy

The belief that success is based on effort and ability rather than birth or status.

Dictator Game

A game where one person decides how to split money with another, with no input from the second person.

Public Goods Game

A game where players contribute to a shared pool, benefiting everyone involved.

Power Distance

The degree to which less powerful members of a society accept and expect power to be distributed unequally.