Chemistry Unit 10 Vocab

Soluble

Soluble

Capable of being dissolved

Solute

Substance that dissolves into a solvent

Solvent

Substances that act as the dissolving medium to dissolve the solute

Tyndall Effect

The passage of light through a mixture

Electrolyte

An Ionic compound that dissolves in water and conducts an electric current

Nonelectrolyte

A Covalent compound that dissolves in water and does not conduct an electric current

Solution

Light passes straight/directly through

Suspension

No light passes through

Colloid

Light is scattered

3 Factors that affect the Rate of Dissociation/Dilution

1. Stir/mix/agitate

2. Add heat

3. Increase surface area

Unsaturated Solution

Adding any amount of solute (under the maximum solvent)

Saturated Solvent

Adding the maximum amount of solute to the solvent

Supersaturated Solution

Adding the maximum amount of solute to the solvent (with heat)

Solubility

Any substance in any phase that will dissolve in another substance in any phase

Hydration

A compound that has the ability to attach waters to its molecular structure

Immiscible

Liquids that will not dissolve in one another

Miscible

Liquids that will dissolve in one another

Henry’s Law

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas on its surface

Effervescence

The rapid release of a gas from a liquid

Rule of Thumb

Like dissolves like (nonpolar dissolves nonpolar, polar dissolves polar)

KNOW THIS

A solute dissolves in a solvent to form a solution

Which mixture has the LARGEST particles?

Suspension

What are the 3 parts that make an electrolyte and what is an example?

Ionic, dissolves in water, electric current, Gatorade

Which will effervesce more: a warm bottle of sprite or a cold bottle of sprite? Why?

warm bottle, the particles are moving faster and the gas particles are released faster

Concentration

the amount of solute in a solution or solvent

Molarity (M)

moles of solute/liters of solution (n/L) or mass of solute/MM of solute/liters of solute (m/MM/L)

Molality (m)

moles of solute/kilograms of solvent (n/Kg) or mass of solute/MM of solute/kilograms of solvent (m/MM/Kg)

What are the 3 parts to a non-electrolyte? What is an example?

Covalent compound, dissolves, cannot conduct electricity, sugar water

What does the Tyndall Effect do to a solution?

light goes through it and you can see it

What does the Tyndall Effect do to a colloid

light is scattered

What does the Tyndall Effect do to a suspension

light cannot pass through it