Soluble
Capable of being dissolved
Solute
Substance that dissolves into a solvent
Solvent
Substances that act as the dissolving medium to dissolve the solute
Tyndall Effect
The passage of light through a mixture
Electrolyte
An Ionic compound that dissolves in water and conducts an electric current
Nonelectrolyte
A Covalent compound that dissolves in water and does not conduct an electric current
Solution
Light passes straight/directly through
Suspension
No light passes through
Colloid
Light is scattered
3 Factors that affect the Rate of Dissociation/Dilution
Stir/mix/agitate
Add heat
Increase surface area
Unsaturated Solution
Adding any amount of solute (under the maximum solvent)
Saturated Solvent
Adding the maximum amount of solute to the solvent
Supersaturated Solution
Adding the maximum amount of solute to the solvent (with heat)
Solubility
Any substance in any phase that will dissolve in another substance in any phase
Hydration
A compound that has the ability to attach waters to its molecular structure
Immiscible
Liquids that will not dissolve in one another
Miscible
Liquids that will dissolve in one another
Henry’s Law
The solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas on its surface
Effervescence
The rapid release of a gas from a liquid
Rule of Thumb
Like dissolves like (nonpolar dissolves nonpolar, polar dissolves polar)
KNOW THIS
A solute dissolves in a solvent to form a solution
Which mixture has the LARGEST particles?
Suspension
What are the 3 parts that make an electrolyte and what is an example?
Ionic, dissolves in water, electric current, Gatorade
Which will effervesce more: a warm bottle of sprite or a cold bottle of sprite? Why?
warm bottle, the particles are moving faster and the gas particles are released faster
Concentration
the amount of solute in a solution or solvent
Molarity (M)
moles of solute/liters of solution (n/L) or mass of solute/MM of solute/liters of solute (m/MM/L)
Molality (m)
moles of solute/kilograms of solvent (n/Kg) or mass of solute/MM of solute/kilograms of solvent (m/MM/Kg)
What are the 3 parts to a non-electrolyte? What is an example?
Covalent compound, dissolves, cannot conduct electricity, sugar water
What does the Tyndall Effect do to a solution?
light goes through it and you can see it
What does the Tyndall Effect do to a colloid
light is scattered
What does the Tyndall Effect do to a suspension
light cannot pass through it