2.7- Forgetting & Other Memory Challenges

Forgetting

The inability to retrieve memory from long-term storage

Forgetting Curve

A graph showing retention and forgetting over time

Encoding Failure

The inability to recall specific information because of insufficient encoding of the information for storage in long-term memory (back of $5 bill)

Proactive Interference

The forward-acting disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information

Retroactive Interference

The backward-acting disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information

Inadequate Retrieval

The inability to recall long-term memories due to a breakdown in the process of remembering

Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon

The temporary inability to remember something you know, accompanied by a feeling that it's just out of reach

Repression

in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

Misinformation Effect

Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event

Source Amnesia

Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined

Constructive Memory

Memory that utilizes knowledge and expectations to fill in the missing details in retrieved memory traces

Imagination Inflation

A memory phenomenon in which vividly imagining an event markedly increases confidence that the event actually occurred