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Most northern abolition laws _________________
Only promised to liberate future children born to an enslaved mother
Only promised to free women currently enslaved
Only promised to free elderly slaves
Only promised to transfer slaves to lifelong indentured servitude
Only promised to liberate future children born to an enslaved mother
Which of these states had slaves until the end of the Civil War?
Connecticut
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
Which of the following had the greatest impact on the spread of slavery?
Haitian Revolution
Invention of the cotton gin
Growth of the American textile industry
Louisiana Purchase
invention of the cotton gin
Economic catastrophes occurred in all of the following years EXCEPT
1819
1828
1837
1857
1828
The Erie Canal connected industry and consumers in the east with what group?
Southern planters
Canadian fur traders
Midwestern farmers
New England fishers
Midwestern farmers
The steamboat most benefited which of the following cities?
New York City
Richmond
St. Louis
Boston
New York City
What was the initial purpose of the legal status of incorporation?
To fund projects for the public good
To aid the development of American merchants in relation to their European competitors
To form the Second Bank of the United States
To help workers as they tried to form unions
To fund projects for the public good
The market revolution brought an innovation in labor practices called “piece work.” What is the piece work system?
Use of skilled, industrialized union labor
Division of production into discrete steps performed by different workers
A system where laborers in manufacturing typically worked at every stage of production
Employment of young girls in highly supervised factory towns
Division of production into discrete steps performed by different workers
During which era was a laborer LEAST likely to live with their employer
1700-1776
1776-1812
1812-1840
There was little change in the living situation of most laborers during these eras
1812-1840
How did the market revolution change the nature of the American family?
The domestic sphere increasingly signified a family’s class status
Educated, wealthy women began to entire the workforce
Americans began to value the idea of childhood less
Divorce became more common
The domestic sphere increasingly signified a family’s class status
Which group of women was most likely to work outside of the home in antebellum America?
Poor women
Middle class women
Upper class women
Very few women worked outside of the home, regardless of class
Poor women
Irish immigrants to the United States typically settled in what areas?
Northeastern cities
Midwestern farming communities
Southern cities
Backcountry rural communities
Northeastern cities
Germans settled in an area of the country known as the German Triangle. The triangle included all three of these cities EXCEPT
Milwaukee
Detroit
Cincinnati
St. Louis
Detroit
The nativist “Know-Nothing Party,” also known as the American Party, was strongest in what region?
The South
Northern cities
Midwestern rural communities
Mississippi River Valley
Northern cities
In the 1840s the New England Association of Farmers, Mechanics and Other Workingmen organized to agitate for what cause?
To gain access to public education
To create public healthcare options
To limit the workday to ten hours per day
To ban child labor
To limit the workday to ten hours per day
All of the following groups were disliked by nativists EXCEPT:
Irish Catholics
recent immigrants
African-Americans
Anglo-Americans
Anglo-Americans
All of the following statements about immigration from 1840-1860 are true EXCEPT:
most immigrants settled in either New England or the mid-Atlantic region
immigrants provided a large source of labor that helped fuel industrial development
Irish-Americans generally experienced better living conditions than German-Americans
immigrants in urban areas tended to live in neighborhoods based on ethnic ties
Irish-Americans generally experienced better living conditions than German-Americans
America's first large-scale, planned city for the sole purpose of manufacturing was:
Lowell, Massachusetts
Buffalo, New York
Rochester, New York
Reading, Pennsylvania
Lowell, Massachusetts
An aspect of the new middle class was:
the drop in percentage of middle-class Americans
their hostility toward capitalism
the separation of the home from work interests
their rejection of status symbols
the separation of the home from work interests
Conditions in towns that used the Waltham system included all of the following EXCEPT:
mandatory church attendance
access to New England's finest public schools
long hours and low wages
strict curfews
access to New England's finest public schools
During the 1840s,
rail connections helped establish close economic ties between the Northeast and South
railroads became the most dynamic booster of interregional trade
canals moved trade much faster and for less capital investment than railroads
canals emerged as the most efficient form of commercial transportation
railroads became the most dynamic booster of interregional trade
In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court ruled that:
states could not restrict trade within their jurisdictions
rail companies could not purchase farmland without the consent of farmers
the national government had no say in supervising interstate commerce
monopolies were better for the public good than open competition
states could not restrict trade within their jurisdictions
The American Temperance Society concerned itself mainly with:
changing American attitudes toward alcohol
changing American attitudes towards former slaves
changing American attitudes towards temperament and personality
None of the above
changing American attitudes toward alcohol
The court system's support of corporate rights to eminent domain meant that:
canals could only be constructed with capital provided by the federal government
investors were protected from creditors if a corporation went bankrupt
interstate commerce could not be supervised by the federal government
corporations could purchase "rights of way" land whenever they needed it
corporations could purchase "rights of way" land whenever they needed it
The first political demands for free tax-supported schools originated with:
the American Tract Society
the American Female Moral Reform Society
the Workingmen's movement
the American Temperance Society
the Workingmen's movement
The most notorious slum in New York City during the 1800s was:
Harlem
Greenwich Village
Five Points
Hell's Kitchen
Five Points
The cult of domesticity emphasized that:
women should preserve religion and the morals of a family
Christians must be reborn before they can understand God
members of the elite were enemies of true religion
industrial production was not as suitable as household industries
women should preserve religion and the morals of a family
The putting-out system:
was the foundation of the first large-scale factories in Pittsburgh
created a business relationship between merchants and household artisans
did not develop until the years just before the Civil War
gave property-owners the right to evict tenants from specific ethnic groups
created a business relationship between merchants and household artisans
This place was considered a showcase for the transcendentalist philosophy of Ralph Waldo Emerson.
West Roxbury Farm
Fourierist community
Brook Farm
New Harmony
Brook Farm
What is the best description of an artisan?
an unskilled laborer in a large factory
a skilled craftsmen who makes things by hand
an ethnic immigrant that provides a cheap source of labor
a gentleman farmer
a skilled craftsmen who makes things by hand
Which of the following denominations benefitted the least from the Second Great Awakening?
Methodists
Baptists
Presbyterians
Episcopalians
Episcopalians
What was the term for a region greatly affected by the revivals of the Second Great Awakening?
Bible Belt
Burned Over District
Zion
Promised Land
Burned Over District
Which of the following statements best describes the status of Calvinism during the Second Great Awakening?
Americans were turning toward Calvinism during the Second Great Awakening
Americans were turning away from Calvinism during the Second Great Awakening
Calvinism had disappeared before the American Revolution, but it began to make a comeback during the revivals of the Second Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening only took place among Calvinist churches
Americans were turning away from Calvinism during the Second Great Awakening
How did the Second Great Awakening promote “spiritual egalitarianism?”
Occasionally providing women with opportunities to openly express themselves and participate in spiritual communities
Expressing equal concern for white and black people’s spiritual salvation
Flouting the codes of self-restraint prescribed by upper-class elites
All of the above
All of the above
Transcendentalism initially began among which group?
German theologians
English poets
American clergymen
Irish reformers
American clergymen
Which of the following ideals represented an American innovation in nineteenth-century Atlantic intellectual trends?
Artistic appreciation
Orientation toward the future rather than the past
Spiritual experience
Aspects of human existence not easily explained by reason or logic
Orientation toward the future rather than the past
Which of the following social changes enabled women to take prominent roles in social reform movements?
Women participated in reform, but they did not hold positions of prominence until after the Civil War
The return of Calvinism led to a loosening of gender roles
As women moved outside the household, they were able to devote time to other causes
The growth of racism elevated white women as necessary bulwarks against the dangers of black communities
As women moved outside the household, they were able to devote time to other causes
Which of the following descriptions most accurately describes “disinterested benevolence?”
Truly redeemed Christians should be motivated to live free of sin and reflect the perfection of God himself
Christianity requires that a person give up self-love in favor of loving others
It was the duty of converted Christians to improve the world around them in order to pave the way for Christ’s redeeming return
The Celebration of individual artistic inspiration, personal spiritual experience, and aspects of human existence not easily explained by reason or logic
Christianity requires that a person give up self-love in favor of loving others
Which benevolent movement enjoyed the most success during the 1820s?
Temperance
Antislavery
Women’s Rights
Prison Reform
Temperance
American antislavery shifted from gradualism to immediatism during which decade?
1810s
1830s
1860s
1780s
1830s
Which of the following had the greatest influence on William Lloyd Garrison’s move from gradualism to immediatism?
A religious conversion at a revival led by Charles Graddison Finney
His first meeting with Frederick Douglass
Reading fiery tracts penned by black northerners David Walker and James Forten
His marriage to a radical abolitionist
Reading fiery tracts penned by black northerners David Walker and James Forten
The “Gag Rule” was designed to eliminate the voice of which group in Congress?
Proslavery advocates
Abolitionists
Suffragettes
Slaves
Abolitionists
What was the primary cause of the 1839 division in the American Antislavery Society?
Theological disputes
Personal rivalries
Tensions between abolitionists in the Midwest and abolitionists in the Northeast
Disagreements over the usefulness of electoral politics and the importance of women’s rights
Disagreements over the usefulness of electoral politics and the importance of women’s rights
Female activists used which of the following expectations of gender to justify social activism?
Women were expected to produce wages for the purpose of family stability, and slavery drove wages down
Women were some of the most vocal supporters of manifest destiny and many feared that slave holders were consuming too much land in the West
Women were expected to be the moral caretakers of the home and therefore it was their duty to speak out on moral issues
Most teachers were women; therefore, women were understood to be more educated than men. Because of this education, women spoke with authority on social issues
Women were expected to be the moral caretakers of the home and therefore it was their duty to speak out on moral issues
Which of the following came first?
Women organized petition writing campaigns
Women began forming antislavery societies
Questions over the role of women activists divided the World Antislavery Convention
Women held the Seneca Falls Convention
Women began forming antislavery societies
All of the following statements about Denmark Vesey's planned rebellion are true EXCEPT:
the plan failed because it did not direct the rebels to seize specific buildings
Vesey encouraged rebels by telling them that a conjurer had cast spells on enemies
Vesey had read the Bible and was aware of antislavery sentiments expressed in Congress
whites executed or banished over 70 conspirators and destroyed a black church
the plan failed because it did not direct the rebels to seize specific buildings
All of the following statements about Nat Turner are true EXCEPT:
the first person caught in his rebellion was his master
he was a literate field hand who had read the Bible
he believed that signs from heaven revealed he was to do God's work against slavery
he was caught and executed within two days by authorities in Virginia
he was caught and executed within two days by authorities in Virginia
All of the following statements about black codes are true EXCEPT:
they existed in the North as well as the South
they applied only to slaves and not free blacks
they denied blacks the right to testify against whites
they denied blacks of nearly all rights as citizens
they applied only to slaves and not free blacks
All of the following statements about slave codes are true EXCEPT:
they authorized whippings as a common form of punishment
many slave states declared it was illegal to teach slaves to read or write
they were only enacted in the cotton kingdom of the Lower South
most codes did not recognize marriages between slaves as legal
they were only enacted in the cotton kingdom of the Lower South
Most free blacks in the South lived in:
South Carolina
the Lower South
Texas
the Upper South
the Upper South
Over 60 whites in Virginia were killed in a rebellion led by:
Thomas Day
Denmark Vesey
Gabriel Prosser
Nat Turner
Nat Turner
Slaves who converted to Christianity discovered:
that its monotheism was similar to religions in West Africa
very little connection between the Old Testament and their lives
that owners often let them worship without the presence of whites
a powerful message of equality that deemed slavery to be immoral
a powerful message of equality that deemed slavery to be immoral
Southern evangelicals who supported slavery used all of the following to support their arguments, EXCEPT:
the preaching of the apostles to adhere to secular laws, including those regarding slavery
the teachings of Jesus as presented in the Bible
the slave-owning patriarchs of Israel
the prevalence of slavery in the Roman Empire in the first century A.D
the teachings of Jesus as presented in the Bible
Southern planters believed that the system of slavery would be weakened by:
government subsidies
the use of short-staple cotton
an increase in the internal slave trade
urbanization and industrialization
urbanization and industrialization
The housing of slaves revealed that:
slaves' homes were larger than middle-class dwellings of the North
housing was meager and provided little more than basic shelter
owners, in this area, tried to create an atmosphere of individuality
owners tried to keep slaves pleased about their living conditions
housing was meager and provided little more than basic shelter
The most-valued slaves in the slave market of 1815-1850 were male field hands and:
older males who had years of experience working in cotton fields of the Lower South
females of child-bearing age used as a means of increasing the slave population
older females who acted as matriarchs within slave communities
males who possessed the skills of an artisan such as carpentry and engraving
females of child-bearing age used as a means of increasing the slave population
Which of the following is NOT a state in the Lower South?
North Carolina
Florida
Mississippi
Louisiana
North Carolina
Which religious group was largely involved in beginning the Underground Railroad?
Southern Presbyterians
Irish Catholics
Baptists
Quakers
Quakers
Which statement about the wives of southern planters is not true?
They often assisted in the religious instruction of slaves
They were never allowed to be familiar with the financial accounts of the plantation
In many respects, they worked harder than their husbands
They commonly felt anger regarding their husband's affairs with female slaves
They were never allowed to be familiar with the financial accounts of the plantation
Yeoman farmers of the Lower South:
wanted to limit the authority of government
bolstered the northern economy by buying many factory-made goods
never allowed their wives or daughters to work in the fields
acted with great deference towards planters
wanted to limit the authority of government
What cleared the way for eastern people to resettle in the Deep South?
Missouri Compromise of 1820
Tariff of Abominations
Indian Removal Act of 1830
The Civil War
Indian Removal Act of 1830
By 1860, cotton exports made up ____ of all American exports
19%
33%
60%
90%
60%
Which of the following numbers is closest to the number of enslaved people living in the South in 1860?
50,000
400,000
2 million
4 million
4 million
In the decades before the Civil War, between one-fifth and one-third of all slave marriages were broken up via _________.
Sale or forced migration
Divorce or separation
Masters requiring remarriage to different partners
Murder
Sale or forced migration
What was the impact of Nat Turner’s rebellion?
Black-led churches were broken up
Anti-literacy laws increased
Transformed southern religion
All the above
All the above
All the following southern crops required cities to facilitate export, marketing, and/or storage EXCEPT:
Cotton
Rice
Wheat
All these crops required cities for export, marketing, and/or storage
Cotton
Where was the Southern middle class the strongest?
Rural communities
Southern cities
Isolated islands off the Gulf Coast
Plantations
Southern cities
In which region was ethnic homogeneity the strongest among enslaved people?
Tidewater
Appalachian Ridge
North Florida
Coastal South Carolina
Coastal South Carolina
Which African country was founded by African Americans?
Sierra Leone
Ghana
Liberia
Nigeria
Liberia
Why did Celia kill her enslaver?
To escape rape
To protect her husband
To protect her property
She was blamed for a murder she did not commit
To escape rape
What happened to Nat Turner?
Escaped to the North
Executed
Sold into slavery in the Caribbean
His body was never found
Executed
How did evangelicalism influence racial relations in the U.S. South?
Reinforced proslavery ideas
Increased the prevalence of Protestantism among African Americans
Created bi-racial congregations
All the above
All the above
What was the function of southern dueling?
Demonstrating the superiority of one man over another
Preserving the honor of both participants
financial disputes in a manner more efficient than litigation
Resisting the oppression of southern religion
Preserving the honor of both participants
Which of the following best describes the relationship of femininity and domesticity in the South?
Domesticity limited the opportunities of wealthy white women to engage in the public sphere
Domesticity opened opportunities of wealthy white women to engage in the public sphere
Domesticity played a very small role in the lives of white women
Domesticity was only applied to African American women
Domesticity limited the opportunities of wealthy white women to engage in the public sphere
In a world of racialized violence and dominance, southern society sought to protect the sexual purity of
Black women
Black men
White women
White men
White women
A consistent pattern of movement into the Old Northwest was:
less antagonism regarding the issue of slavery because virtually all migrants to the Old Northwest were members of the Whig Party
the tendency of northerners and southerners to settle, respectively, in northern and southern sections of the Old Northwest
to bypass attempts to become a small freeholder, and buy large amounts of cheap land in the attempt to establish a commercial farm
the loss of northern and southern cultural practices and identities as migrants settled without considering regional concerns
the tendency of northerners and southerners to settle, respectively, in northern and southern sections of the Old Northwest.
Before 1850, who was the dominant power on the north and central Great Plains?
the Cherokees who had been removed from their homeland
the warrior-hunters of the Sioux tribe
whites who had migrated from the South
the United States cavalry
the warrior-hunters of the Sioux tribe
In the early part of the nineteenth century, the largest concentration of Indians in the Southwest region was in:
Arizona
Utah
California
New Mexico
California
Manifest Destiny was used to justify:
the acquisition of foreign territories in the late 1890s
America's entry into World War II
America's entry into World War I
America's involvement in Vietnam
the acquisition of foreign territories in the late 1890s
Migration into the Old Northwest was characterized by:
a rapid period of movement that slowed after the War of 1812
the spreading of the many folkways of migrants from the East
the dominant spread of commercial farming in the region
not enough land in the East
the spreading of the many folkways of migrants from the East
Results of the Mexican War included all of the following EXCEPT:
the American acquisition of Alta California and New Mexico
a 15-million dollar "war guilt" payment made by Mexico to the United States
the American acquisition of territory north of the Rio Grande in Texas
the granting of U.S. citizenship to Mexicans living in newly acquired territories
a 15-million dollar "war guilt" payment made by Mexico to the United States
The Comanches were known for:
their refusal to use firearms in their method of warfare
the adobe homes that they constructed in Arizona and New Mexico
growing beans, corn, and wheat through intensive agriculture
being master horsemen and among the greatest warriors in the West
being master horsemen and among the greatest warriors in the West
The Mexican army annihilated defenders at:
San Jacinto and Mexico City
the Nueces River and the Alamo
the Alamo and San Jacinto
the Alamo and Goliad
the Alamo and Goliad
The greatest cause of the 5,000 deaths that occurred on the Oregon Trail was:
Indian raids
lack of water
disease
starvation
disease
The results of the Fort Laramie Treaty included:
only a brief standoff between the Sioux and the U.S. government
a thirty-year period of peace between the Sioux and whites
the purchase of the entire Great Plains by the U.S. government
more respect for the religion of the Sioux by whites
only a brief standoff between the Sioux and the U.S. government
What pattern in the location of slavery occurred in the period of 1790-1860?
An increase in the overall percentage of slavery located in the South Atlantic region
A large movement of slavery from the South Atlantic to the Old Southwest
A rejection of the use of slavery in the Old Southwest while it increased elsewhere
A decrease in the use of slaves in both the South Atlantic and Old Southwest regions
A large movement of slavery from the South Atlantic to the Old Southwest
What were the two products traded by branches of the Sioux tribe at the yearly trade fair?
horses and beaver pelts
beaver pelts and buffalo robes
corn and rifles
buffalo robes and corn
beaver pelts and buffalo robes
Which practice did settlers bring to Texas that was illegal under Mexican law?
land speculation
commercial farming
the sale of huge tracts of land
slavery
slavery
Which statement about Mexico's approach to early American settlers in Texas is not true?
The Mexican government required that settlers promise to accept Mexican citizenship
The Mexican government saw the Americans as protection against Indian attacks
The Mexican government asked that settlers promise to convert to Catholicism
The Mexican government sold land only in small portions to American settlers
The Mexican government sold land only in small portions to American settlers
White settlement in Oregon had all of the following effects on the Cayuses Indians EXCEPT:
the rejection of Christianity by the Cayuses
the use of the Cayuses as farm laborers for whites
the spread of a virulent measles epidemic
the eventual extermination of the Cayuses
the use of the Cayuses as farm laborers for whites
The idea of Manifest Destiny meant which of the following?
The strength of American values and institutions justified moral claims to leadership
Lands on the North American continent west of the Mississippi River (and later into the Caribbean) were destined for political and agricultural improvement
God and the Constitution ordained an irrepressible destiny to accomplish redemption and democratization
All of the above
All of the above
Seminole Indians were aided by what group during the Second Seminole War?
Cherokee Indians
Free blacks and escaped slaves
Spanish royal forces
British merchants
Free blacks and escaped slaves
Why did Andrew Jackson, and most Americans, support Indian Removal?
Give white farmers access to fertile soil
Make it easier for Indians to convert to Christianity
Freeing up land for mining
All of the above
All of the above
Tribal nations west of the Mississippi blended traditional cultural practices, including common land systems, with western practices including which of the following?
Constitutional governments
Public schools
Slavery
All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following Native American groups most troubled Mexican authorities?
Comanche
Cherokee
Ojibwe
Seminole
Comanche
What was the “cult of true womanhood?”
Social standards that emphasized piety, purity, domesticity, and submissiveness
An idea that challenged the notion of separate spheres
A radical religious group that advocated spiritual equality and sexual abstinence
A widely read poem that explained the role of women in a democratic society
Social standards that emphasized piety, purity, domesticity, and submissiveness
What was Mexico’s position on slavery immediately prior to the Texas Revolution?
Protecting slavery was a major cause of the Mexican Independence movement, so the Mexican government adopted a number of laws to protect and expand slaveholding
The Mexican government protected slavery and imprisoned abolitionists
There were hardly any slaves in Mexico, but it remained legal and rare through the 1850s
Mexico abolished slavery in 1829
Mexico abolished slavery in 1829
Why didn’t the United States immediately annex Texas?
The U.S. feared that doing so would provoke a war with Mexico, as Mexico never fully acknowledged Texas independence
Concerns about the imbalance of adding a large slave state
Both because of concerns regarding war with Mexico and imbalance of adding a large slave state
The United States did annex Texas as soon as the Revolution was completed
Both because of concerns regarding war with Mexico and imbalance of adding a large slave state
What was the specific spark that ignited the Mexican-American War?
The United States annexed Texas and Mexico invaded
The United States withdrew its ambassador from Mexico and Mexico invaded
America soldiers invaded Mexico in hopes of forcing the sale of California
Mexican cavalrymen attacked U.S. soldiers in the disputed territory of the Nueces Strip
Mexican cavalrymen attacked U.S. soldiers in the disputed territory of the Nueces Strip
What term best describes newspaper coverage of the Mexican-American War?
Vague
Divided
Supportive
All of the above
Divided