Introduction to Sociology

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the introduction to sociology, focusing on various theoretical perspectives and fundamental sociological terms.

Sociology

A science that seeks to understand how society changes and why, using scientific processes to analyze social relations.

Quantitative Methods

Research methods that involve the use of statistical and numerical data to understand social phenomena.

Qualitative Methods

Research methods that focus on understanding human experiences and social phenomena through detailed descriptions and interpretations.

Ascribed Status

Social status that is assigned at birth and is not subject to change.

Achieved Status

Social status that is earned based on individual actions and achievements.

Primary Socialization

The initial phase of socialization, typically occurring within the family, where individuals learn basic norms and values.

Secondary Socialization

Socialization that occurs outside the family, often through institutions such as schools and peer groups.

Tertiary Socialization

The process of socializing individuals into new roles, often occurring in adulthood.

Cultural Capital

Non-financial social assets that promote social mobility, such as education and intellect.

Social Stratification

The ranking of individuals or groups within a society, often based on wealth, power, and prestige.

Functionalism

A theoretical perspective that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.

Conflict Theory

A theoretical framework that emphasizes the struggle between classes and the conflicts that arise within society.

Symbolic Interactionism

A perspective that focuses on the meanings individuals ascribe to social symbols and interactions in shaping society.

Cultural Relativism

The practice of assessing a culture by its own standards rather than viewing it through the lens of another culture.

Social Institutions

Established patterns of beliefs and behaviors that organize social life, such as family, education, and religion.

Anomie

A state of normlessness in society, leading to social instability.

Collective Conscience

The set of shared beliefs, values, and practices that bind a society together.

Gender Roles

Socially constructed roles that dictate the behaviors and responsibilities considered appropriate for men and women.