Module 14 Test Study Guide

Essay: What is nationalism and explain 2 positive and 2 negative results of it

Nationalism is the belief that people’s greatest loyalty is not to a king/empire but to a nation of people that share same culture/history.

Positive: People within a nation overcoming differences for the common good; Competition among nations spurring scientific and technological advances

Negative: Rise of extreme nationalistic movements (such as Nazism); Competition between nations leading to warfare

In what year did Germany become a unified and independent nation?

1871

Which South American country gained its independence without any bloodshed?

Brazil

What is a peninsulare?

people born in Spain and only ones who could hold high government jobs; were at the top of the Spanish American Society

What is a creole?

Spaniards born in Latin America; were second in the Spanish American Society

What is a mestizo?

persons of mixed European and and Indian ancestry; were third in the Spanish American Society

What is a mulatto?

mixed European and African ancestry, and African slaves; were fourth in the Spanish American Society

Which empires (that we discussed) were greatly weakened due to nationalism?

Austrian, Russian, Ottoman

What is a nation-state?

nation that independently governs itself

Who were the 2 most powerful European nations by 1871?

Germany and Great Britain

Which 2 countries did both Otto von Bismarck and Giuseppe Garibaldi both play a critical roles in unifying?

Italy - Giuseppe

Germany - Bismarck

What is romanticism?

reflected deep interest both in nature and in the thoughts and feelings of the individual

What is realism?

tried to show life as it was, not as it should be

What is impressionism?

reaction against realism and showed impression of a subject or a moment in time; used pure, shimmering colors to capture a moment

What is deism?

belief everyone was born with religious, ethical, and moral impulses

Which Russian czar freed the serfs in 1861?

Czar Alexander II

What is the name for the belief that government is harmful and not needed?

anarchism

What 2 independent states were formed when the Austrian Empire falls apart?

Austria and Hungary

Who greatly industrialized and prospered France in the 1800’s?

Louis-Napoleon/Napoleon III

What is the last Italian city state to be taken over that allowed Italy to become a unified nation?

Papal States

Which European power had possessed Haiti as a colony until it gains its independence?

France

Which European nation is the first to break away and become independent from Ottoman Empire?

Greece