Rock Cycle

Crust

Outermost layer of the Earth.

Mantle

Layer beneath the crust; contains the asthenosphere.

Asthenosphere

Part of the mantle where rocks move slowly.

Core

Dense inner part of the Earth, mainly iron and nickel.

Inner Core

Solid part of the Earth's core.

Outer Core

Liquid part of the Earth's core.

Minerals

Naturally occurring, inorganic solids with specific compositions.

Metamorphic Rocks

Rocks changed by heat and pressure.

Igneous Rocks

Formed from cooled molten rock.

Sedimentary Rocks

Formed from compacted sediments.

Rock Cycle

Model showing endless cycling of rock materials.

Weathering

Process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces.

Erosion

Transport of weathered rock material.

Deposition

Settling down of sediments.

Compaction Cementation

Process of squeezing and gluing sediments into rock.

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

Formed from lava cooling quickly at the surface.

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

Formed from magma cooling slowly below the surface.

Contact Metamorphism

Metamorphism due to intense heat from magma or lava.

Regional Metamorphism

Metamorphism caused by intense pressure from tectonic plates as well as heat.

Sediments

Material broken down by weathering and erosion.

Conglomerate

Rock formed from cemented grains of different sizes.

4 Steps of Sedimentary Rock Formation

Process involving layering, compaction, chemical seepage, and crystallization.

Shearing

Sliding movement of rock parts during metamorphism.

Sediments

consisted of rocks, minerals and also the remains of plants and animals

Step 1 of Sedimentary Rock formation

Eroded Sediments end up in the water and begin to settle down

Step 2 of Sedimentary Rock formation

With time, more sediments are added to newly formed sedimentary layers

Step 3 of Sedimentary Rock formation

The release of moisture from the sedimentary layers makes the layers compact.

Step 4 of Sedimentary Rock formation

Salt crystals glue the layers to form more compact sedimentary rocks.

Chemical Weathering

occurs when water dissolving chemical from the soil and air react with rock, changing it or breaking it down

Biological Weathering

can occur when living things, such as plants, break down the rock.

Physical weathering

can occur from wind, temperature change or wind or ice.

Crystaliisation

when the magma becomes solid [ in other words when magma solidifies ]

5 physical properties of rocks

Lustre, Moh's Hardness, Density, Crystal Size, Streak color.

Moh's Scale of Hardness

a qualitative scale used to rank gemstones and minerals according to hardness

Dynamic metamorphism:

metamorphism due to mostly pressure.