H. Chem- Unit 2 Quiz Review

Quantum Numbers, Bohr’s Model, Ground State vs. Excited State, Ferrofluids, Radioactive Decay

energy levels of the electron, size of electron cloud

1st quantum number

sublevel of the electron, shape of e⁻ cloud

2nd quantum number

orbital on the sublevel

3rd quantum number

tells direction of electron's spin, can only be +1/2 or -1/2

4th quantum number

electrons in “s” sublevel

2

electrons in “p” sublevel

6

electrons in “d” sublevel

10

electrons in “f” sublevel

14

number of electrons in ALL atomic orbitals

2

Numbers possible for the second quantum number when the first quantum number is 1

0

Numbers possible for the second quantum number when the first quantum number is 2

0,1

Numbers possible for the second quantum number when the first quantum number is 3

0,1,2

Numbers possible for the second quantum number when the first quantum number is 4

0,1,2,3

Numbers possible for the second quantum number

n-1

or

(first quantum number) - 1

Numbers possible for the third quantum number when the second quantum number is 0

0

Numbers possible for the third quantum number when the second quantum number is 1

-1, 0, +1

Numbers possible for the third quantum number when the second quantum number is 2

-2, -1, 0, +1, +2

Numbers possible for the third quantum number when the second quantum number is 3

-3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3

How many electrons in each ring of Bohrs model

ring —> electron count

1 —> 2

2 —> 8

3 —> 18

4 —> 32

What is the ground state of atoms?

The lowest energy state of an atom

What is the excited state of atoms?

Atoms where the perfect amount of energy has been added so that the electrons can move to higher rings

Photons

The energy/light given off by electrons when they go back to ground state

When do atoms give off light

When electrons go back to ground state after being excited they give off photons, each element has their own unique light because they each have a different electron configuration

Valence electrons

The outermost electron (on the final shell)

Most amount of electrons in a shell

2n²

Number of orbitals in the S sublevel

1

Number of orbitals in the P sublevel

3

Number of orbitals in the D sublevel

5

Number of orbitals in the F sublevel

7

Doppler effect

as something moves away it redshifts and as something moves closer it blueshifts

Relationship between wavelength and energy

Shorter wavelength —> more energy

Longer wavelength —> less energy

Relationship between wavelength and frequency

Inverse relationship

Term for A

trough

Term for B

amplitude

Term for C

crest

Term for D

wavelength

Spins are randomly oriented

Paramagnetic

Spins are aligned parallel

Ferromagnetic

Spins are aligned antiparallel but do not cancel

Ferrimagnetic

Why can you not have more sublevels than shells?

You cannot not have more sublevels than shells because there is not enough room

4,3,2,1

invalid (1)

3,0,1,+1/2

invalid (1)

3,4,1,-1/2

invalid (4)

0,3,2,-1/2

invalid (0)

3,1,0,+1/2

valid

Alpha Decay

the element looses 2 protons and 4 from it’s mass —> result is a daughter and alpha particle

Beta Decay

the element gains a proton with no change to mass —> result is a daughter and an electron

Gamma Decay

the element has no change to mass or # of protons, however the starting (parent) element will have a “m” next to it’s mass amount because it is in an excited nuclear state —> result is a daughter and a gamma ray

Template Alpha Decay equation

Template Beta Decay equation

Template Gamma Decay equation