Chemistry chapter 1 atoms sophomore-

________ are the smallest particles of an element that still have the chemical properties of that element

Atoms

One important change to Dalton’s atomic theory is that atoms are now known to be

Divisible

_______ CAN be broken down into even smaller more fundamental particles called subatomic particles

Atoms

The _________ shows that an electron is an orbital

Electron cloud model

_____ is NOT an exact location of an election, rather it’s the most probable location where an election is

Orbital

90% chance of finding an _____ in a orbital

Electron

Chemistry is

The study of matter and how it interacts with each other (solids, liquids, and gases)

An _____ is the smallest particle of an element that retains its identity (doesn’t change) in a chemical reaction

Atom

The modern process of discovery regarding atoms began with

John Dalton

_______ go around the nucleus

Electrons

Since atoms are electrically neutral, scientists reasoned that there must be

Positive charges to offset the negatively charged electrons

The positively charged particles are

Protons

Atoms of one element are ______ changed into atoms of another element as a result of a chemical reaction

Never

What’s an atom

The smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction

Dalton’s atomic theory

The first theory to relate chemical changes to events at the atomic level

The ray tube experiment deflected a certain way bc

The ray produced in the tube was affected by a electrical or magnetic field

The ray experiment concluded that

The ray was formed by particles (negatively charged)

Thompson theorized

That an atom contains small negatively charged particles which he named electrons

An atom is mostly

Empty space

Most of the mass in a atom is located in the

Nucleus, which is positively charged

Alpha particles are positively charged so they are repelled by the

Positive nucleus

_____ are located in the nucleus

Protons and neutrons

The _____ shows the electron as a diffuse (spread out) cloud of negative charge

Wave mechanical model

An electron’s location isnt

Fixed

Protons have a _______ charge

Positive (+)

Neutrons have what charge

No charge

Electrons have a _________ charge

Negative (-)

The mass of a proton is

1amu

The mass of a neutron is

1amu

The mass of an electron is

0 amu

Magnitude of a proton is

+1

Magnitude of a neutron

0

Magnitude of a electron

-1

Where is a proton located in a atom

The nucleus

What’s the location of a neutron in a atom

The nucleus

What the location of a electron in a atom

Outside the nucleus: orbitals

What the Bohr model

The model of an atom that shows electrons in circular orbits around the nucleus

Some alpha particles were _______ and other particles even bounced back

greatly deflected (unexpected)

What massive object did the alpha particles hit in the gold foil experiment?

The atomic nucleus

What’s an atomic nucleus

An extremely dense positively charged center of the atom

____ are neutral (no charge)

Atom

Electrons ______ positive parts of atom

Cancels out

Jj Thomson used a ___ to show one of the smaller units that make up an atom

Cathode ray tube

Positives attract

Negatives

Positives repel

Positives

Negatives attract

Positives

Negatives repel

Negatives

JJ thomsons model of the atom is know for

As the hard sphere model or the plum pudding model

JJ Thomson model

(Chocolate chips = electrons)

(Cookie = rest of atom)

What are neutrons

Subatomic particles with no charge but with a mass nearly equal to that of a proton

1 amu

Approximate mass of a single proton or neutron

Three types of subatomic particles

Protons, neutrons, electrons

Who discovered the election

JJ Thomson, 1897

Electrons are

Negatively charged subatomic particles

Atoms of the same element are

Identical

Atoms of different elements can

Physically mix together or chemically combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds

Chemical reactions

Occur when atoms are separated from each other, joined, or rearranged in different combinations

What did Rutherford discover

The nucleus and atom structure

What experiment did Rutherford produce

The gold foil experiment

The gold foil experiment-

Directed alpha particles, which are positively charged particles that are much smaller than an atom, and a thin piece of gold foil

What did Dalton study

The ratios in which elements combine in chemical reactions

Indivisible

Can not be broken down into smaller parts

All elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles called

Atoms

If the cookie model was correct what would Rutherford have seen

All of the alpha particles would pass through the foil with just a few being slightly deflected

Results of gold foil experiment

Most of the particles passed straight through and a few were slightly deflected

What revolves around the nucleus in concentric circles orbits

Electrons

Each electronic shell has specific amounts of

Energy

The wave mechanical model

The most modern model of the atom, that have electrons in “orbitals” that are like clouds around the nucleus