urinary system

Homeostatsis

Process for maintaining a constant internal environment

Urinary system (urinary tract)

Consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, and one urethra

Adrenal glands

Part of the endocrine system, Located on the top of the kidneys

Genitourinary tract

Reference to two body systems: urinary tract and reproductive organs

Excreted as urine

95% water and 5% urea and other body wastes

The Kidneys

Constantly filter blood to remove waste products and excess water (bean shaped)

blood processed daily

Roughly 150–200 quarts; produces 1–2 quarts of urine

Renal cortex

Outer region of the kidney; contains nephrons

Medulla

Inner region of the kidney; contains most urine

Nephrons

Microscopic functional units of kidneys, Produce urine

Nephorns in each kidney =

1 millon

The Renal Pelvis

Funnel

The Ureters

Two narrow tubes, Transport urine from the kidney to the bladder

The Urinary Bladder

Oval, hollow, muscular organ, Reservoir for urine before it is excreted

The Urethra

Tube from bladder to exterior of body, Has two urinary sphincters

Urethral meatus (urinary meatus)

External opening of the urethra

Female urethra

Approximately 1.5 inches long

Male urethra

Approximately 8 inches long

Prostate gland

Part of male reproductive system, Surrounds the urethra

Urination

Also known as voiding or micturition, Normal process of excreting urine

Nephropathy

Any disease of the kidney, Includes both degenerative and inflammatory conditions

Renal Failure

Inability of one or both of the kidneys to perform their functions

Nephrotic Syndrome (Nephrosis)

Group of conditions, Excessive amounts of protein are lost through the urine

Stones (Calculi)

Abnormal mineral deposit formed within the body

Hydroureter

Distention (swelling) of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because of a ureteral obstruction

Neurogenic Bladder

Interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination,The bladder may empty spontaneously, resulting in incontinence

The Prostate Gland

part of the male reproductive system, surrounds the urethra

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

enlarged prostate, Enlargement of the prostate gland

Anuria:

absence of urine formation by the kidneys

Diuresis:

increased output of urine

Dysuria:

difficult or painful urination

Enuresis:

involuntary discharge of urine

Nocturnal enuresis:

urinary incontinence during sleep

Nocturia:

frequent and excessive urination during the night

Oliguria:

scanty urination

Polyuria:

excessive urination

Urinary hesitancy:

difficulty in starting a urinary stream

Urinary retention:

inability to completely empty the bladder

Nephrolysis

Surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions

Nephrolysis

Surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Most common kidney stone treatment ,Uses high

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)

Surgical removal of a nephrolith,Performed through a small incision in the back