Comparison of Approaches

What is the behaviourist approach's view on development?

Learning occurs at any age through conditioning

What is the SLT's view on development?

Development occurs through observation, imitation, and vicarious reinforcement, especially in childhood

What is the cognitive approach's view on development?

Development of thought processes - stage theories influenced by Piaget

What is the biological approach's view on development?

Development influenced by genetic changes e.g puberty, brain maturation

What is the psychodynamic approach's view on development?

Childhood experiences crucial (psychosexual stages)

What is the humanistic approach's view on development?

Lifelong development with focus on self-growth and self-actualisation

Name which approaches are nurture

- behaviourist

- SLT

- humanistic approach

Which approaches are interactionist (both nurture and nature)?

- the cognitive approach

- psychodynamic approach

Which approach is nature?

biological approach

Which approaches are reductionist and what type of reductionism do they show?

- behaviourist - environmental

- SLT - environmental, but less than behaviourist

- cognitive - machine

- biological - biological reductionism

- psychodynamic approach - psychic

Is the humanistic approach reductionist?

No, it is holistic

Which approaches are deterministic and what type of determinism do they show?

- behaviourist - hard determinism

- SLT - soft determinism

- cognitive - soft determinism

- biological - biological determinism

- psychodynamic - psychic determinism

Is the humanistic approach deterministic?

Emphasises free will

How does each approach explain abnormality?

- behaviourist - faulty learning

- SLT - role models and reinforcement

- cognitive - faulty thinking

- biological - chemical imbalance, genetic disorders

- psychodynamic - unresolved conflicts, trauma

- humanistic approach - lack of congruence and conditions of worth

How does each approach treat abnormality?

- behaviourist - systematic desensitisation and token economy

- SLT - modelling and observational learning

- cognitive - CBT

- biological - drug therapy (SSRIs and antipsychotics)

- psychodynamic - psychoanalysis

- humanistic - client-centred therapy